API 5L X52 specifications and application scope

API 5L X52 Specifications and Application Scope

API 5L X52 is a widely used steel grade under the API 5L standard, designed for the production of line pipes in two product specifications: PSL1 and PSL2. These pipes can be either seamless or welded and are primarily used for transporting oil and natural gas. In addition to X52, CSC offers a range of other grades suitable for global oil and gas transportation, including X42, X46, X56, X60, X65, and X70.

Manufacturing Process
The raw materials for pipe production—such as ingots, billets, coils, or plates—are typically manufactured using basic oxygen, electric arc furnace, or open hearth processes combined with ladle refining. For PSL2 grades, the steel must be fully killed and produced using fine grain practices. Additionally, coils or sheets used in PSL2 piping must not contain any repair welds.

When it comes to welding, there are three main methods used for API 5L X52 line pipes: ERW (Electric Resistance Welding), LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding), and SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welding). Each method has its own advantages depending on the application requirements.

Delivery Condition

PSL Delivery Condition Pipe Grade
PSL1 As-rolled, normalized, normalizing formed A
  As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered or if agreed Q&T SMLS only B
  As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
PSL2 As-rolled BR, X42R
  Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized and tempered BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
  Quenched and tempered BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
  Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
  Thermomechanical rolled X90M, X100M, X120M
  The suffix (R, N, Q or M) for PSL2 grades belongs to the steel grade  

Chemical Composition for PSL1 Pipe with t ≤ 0.984"

Steel Grade Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses a,g
C Mn P S V Nb Ti
max b max b max max max max max
Seamless Pipe
X52 0.28 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
Welded Pipe
X52 0.26 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d

Chemical Composition for PSL2 Pipe with t ≤ 0.984"

Steel Grade Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses Carbon Equiv a
C Si Mn P S V Nb Ti Other CE IIW CE Pcm
max b max max b max max max max max max max
Seamless and Welded Pipe
X52N 0.24 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.1 0.05 0.04 d,e,l 0.043 0.25
X52Q 0.18 0.45 1.5 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
Welded Pipe
X52M 0.22 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 d d d e,l 0.043 0.25
a. SMLS t>0.787”, CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits applied if C > 0.12% and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0.12%,
b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified max. concentration for carbon, and increase of 0.05% above the specified max. concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a max. of 1.65% for grades ≥ B, but ≤ = X52; up to a max. of 1.75% for grades > X52, but < X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for X70.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed Nb = V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
f. Unless otherwise agreed,
g. Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%,
h. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
i. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
j. B ≤ 0.004%,
k. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% and MO ≤ 0.80%,
l. For all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades with footnotes j noted, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0.001% .

Mechanical Properties

Pipe Grade Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 1 Seam of Welded Pipe
Yield Strength a Tensile Strength a Elongation Tensile Strength b
Rt0,5 PSI Min Rm PSI Min (in 2in Af % min) Rm PSI Min
X52 52,200 66,700 c 66,700

Hydrostatic Test
All pipes must pass a hydrostatic test without leakage through the weld seam or the pipe body. If the individual pipe sections have already been successfully tested, the joints do not need to undergo hydrostatic testing.

Bend Test
No cracks should appear in any part of the test piece, and the weld should not open during the test.

Flattening Test
The acceptance criteria for the flattening test include:

For EW pipes D<12.750 in:
For X60 with T 500in, there should be no opening of the weld before the distance between the plates is less than 66% of the original outside diameter. For all grades and wall thicknesses, 50% is acceptable. For pipes with a D/t > 10, the weld should not open until the distance between the plates reaches 30% of the original outside diameter. For other sizes, refer to the full API 5L specification.

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