API 5L X52 Specifications and Application Scope
API 5L X52 is a steel grade specified under the API 5L standard, which outlines the manufacturing of two product specification levels (PSL1 and PSL2) for line pipes. X52 line pipes can be either seamless or welded and are commonly used in oil and gas transportation systems. In addition to X52, CSC provides a range of other grades suitable for global oil and gas applications, including X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, and X70.
Manufacturing Process
The production of pipes involves the use of steel ingots, billets, coils, or plates, which are manufactured using processes such as basic oxygen, electric arc furnaces, or open hearth furnaces combined with ladle refining. For PSL2, the steel must be fully killed and produced using fine grain practices. Additionally, coils or sheets used for PSL2 piping must not contain any repair welds.
There are three primary welding methods used for API 5L X52 line pipes: ERW (Electric Resistance Welding), LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welding), and SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welding). Each method has its own advantages and is selected based on specific application requirements.
Delivery Conditions
PSL | Delivery Condition | Pipe Grade |
---|---|---|
PSL1 | As-rolled, normalized, normalizing formed | A |
As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered or if agreed Q&T SMLS only | B | |
As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered | X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70 | |
PSL2 | As-rolled | BR, X42R |
Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized and tempered | BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N | |
Quenched and tempered | BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q | |
Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed | BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M | |
Thermomechanical rolled | X90M, X100M, X120M | |
The suffix (R, N, Q or M) for PSL2 grades belongs to the steel grade |
Chemical Composition for PSL1 Pipe with t ≤ 0.984â€
Steel Grade | Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses a,g | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | |
max b | max b | max | max | max | max | max | |
Seamless Pipe | |||||||
X52 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | d | d | d |
Welded Pipe | |||||||
X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | d | d | d |
Chemical Composition for PSL2 Pipe with t ≤ 0.984â€
Steel Grade | Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses | Carbon Equiv a | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | Other | CE IIW | CE Pcm | |||||||||||
max b | max | max b | max | max | max | max | max | max | max | ||||||||||||
Seamless and Welded Pipe | |||||||||||||||||||||
X52N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d,e,l | 0.043 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
X52Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.043 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
Welded Pipe | |||||||||||||||||||||
X52M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e,l | 0.043 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
a. SMLS t>0.787â€, CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits applied if C > 0.12% and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0.12%, b. For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified max. concentration for carbon, and increase of 0.05% above the specified max. concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a max. of 1.65% for grades ≥ B, but ≤ = X52; up to a max. of 1.75% for grades > X52, but < X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for X70., c. Unless otherwise agreed Nb = V ≤ 0.06%, d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%, e. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% and Mo ≤ 0.15%, f. Unless otherwise agreed, g. Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%, h. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%, i. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%, j. B ≤ 0.004%, k. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% and MO ≤ 0.80%, l. For all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades with footnotes j noted, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0.001% . |
Mechanical Properties
Pipe Grade | Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL1 | Seam of Welded Pipe | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yield Strength a | Tensile Strength a | Elongation | Tensile Strength b | |
Rt0,5 PSI Min | Rm PSI Min | (in 2in Af % min) | Rm PSI Min | |
X52 | 52,200 | 66,700 | c | 66,700 |
Hydrostatic Test
The pipe must withstand a hydrostatic test without leakage through the weld seam or the pipe body. If the pipe sections have already passed the test, jointers do not need to be tested again.
Bend Test
No cracks should appear in any part of the test piece, and the weld should not open during the test.
Flattening Test
The acceptance criteria for the flattening test include:
For EW pipes D<12.750 in:
X60 with T 500in. There should be no opening of the weld before the distance between the plates is less than 66% of the original outside diameter. For all grades and wall thicknesses, 50% is acceptable. For pipes with a D/t > 10, there should be no opening of the weld before the distance between the plates is less than 30% of the original outside diameter. For other sizes, refer to the full API 5L specification.
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