Overview of RFID technology
How RFID technology works
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, also known as electronic tag recognition technology. It is one of the core technologies in the field of Internet of Things. The basic principle is to use the RF signal and spatial coupling (inductive or electromagnetic coupling) transmission characteristics to achieve automatic identification of the identified object. For the operation mode of the collection management: firstly, each piece (set) of the set has a one-to-one correspondence with the electronic tag by means of a fixed manner such as pasting or hanging; secondly, when the tag with the electronic tag is inserted into the recognition range of the reader/writer, The electronic tag is activated by the RF signal sent by the reader, and the information of the collection is transmitted between the electronic tag and the reader according to the relevant instruction; finally, the reader transmits the information back to the collection management information system through the network, thereby A seamless connection between the collection's physical and collection information is achieved.
The composition of RFID technology
RFID is made up of electronic tags, antennas, and readers.
(1) Electronic label
The tag has the world's only unidentifiable electronic ID card TID. The user area can store the description information of the collection, including some of the core indicators specified by the National Cultural Relics Bureau. The TID of the label forms a one-to-one correspondence with the total number of the collection. When designing electronic tags, you should select the appropriate electronic tags according to your needs.
Classification of electronic labels
1 According to whether there is power supply inside the tag, the electronic tag can be divided into active tag and passive tag;
2 According to the working frequency, the electronic tag is divided into low frequency, intermediate frequency and high frequency;
3 According to the different types of electronic label packaging, it can be divided into paper, glass, circular and special-purpose shaped labels.
(2) Antenna
The antenna is the most important transmission channel of RFID technology, and is responsible for transmitting the carrier signal transmitting information between the electronic tag and the reader. The antennas are mainly of the coil type, the microstrip patch type, and the dipole type, and the coil type is generally used in the middle and low frequency bands; the dipole type is used in the high frequency.
Feasibility of collection management and introduction of RFID technology
Work content of collection management
Collection management is the scientific management of the collection in order to accurately identify the value of the collection, ensure the safety of the collection, give full play to the role of the collection, and follow the prescribed working procedures and methods. Collection management has a complete set of working procedures and methods, including receiving, selecting, sorting, rating, accounting, cataloging, documenting, warehousing, custodial, requisition, cancellation, statistics and other tasks and content. Every work session generates a lot of information, and the information here has text information and audiovisual information. Therefore, collection management can be divided into two parts in a macroscopic way:
(1) Ontology management of collections
The ontology management here mainly includes the state management of the collection, security management, management of the environment, etc.; this management can ensure the physical security of the collection.
(2) Information management of the collection
It is to manage and utilize the information generated during the process of keeping the collection. This level of management can make the information derived from the collection complete and complete, and provide more specific and accurate collection information for the managers and users of the collection.
(3) reader
The reader is also called an RFID terminal device, and is a device that reads an internal data of an electronic tag by using a radio frequency signal. The reader can be divided into low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ultra high frequency (UHF) depending on the operating frequency.
Development stage of collection management
With the rapid development of information technology in museums, the methods and means of collection management have also undergone revolutionary changes. The management and methods of collection management are the main line. The management of collections can be divided into artificial stage, informational stage and intelligent stage. The division is for two levels of collection management.
(1) Artificial stage
The ontology management of the collection mainly relies on manual positioning, statistics and inventory work. The management of the collection warehouse environment is also a manual reading of temperature and humidity monitoring tools, and manually records relevant data information. The level of manual management mainly depends on the quality of management personnel, such as low efficiency, easy error, and large workload. At this stage, the information management of the collection is mainly recorded by hand, and the paper is used to record the relevant collection. information.
(2) Informatization stage
This stage mainly solves the information management level of the collection. The information recorded in the manual stage adopts paperless system management. At this stage, large and medium-sized museums have developed and operated the collection information management system. The information generated in the tasks of classification, grading, accounting, cataloging, filing, warehousing, custody, requisition, cancellation, statistics, etc. is managed by industry software. The information management mode has greatly improved the accuracy of the collection management information, and also reduced the labor intensity of managers, greatly improving the efficiency of collection management.
(3) Intelligent stage
At this stage, the management level of the two levels of collection management has improved by leaps and bounds. The Internet of Things technology has been introduced in the management level of the collection ontology. In particular, RFID technology and sensor networks have achieved a certain degree of promotion in the collection management. Cloud computing and big data technologies were introduced at the information management level of the collection, which further improved the utilization of the collection information. In this management stage, the information technology has been highly integrated with the cultural industry.
The possibility of introducing RFID technology in museums
In the past ten years, the collection management of Changzhou Museum has made great progress in the application of information technology. The following is an explanation of the current situation of the Changzhou Museum in the management of collections, the management of collection information, and the environmental management of collections.
(1) Current status of collection management
In the subject management of the collection, it is still in the manual stage, mainly through the manual storage of the collection, inventory, and outbound work, and the management means still adopts the card management method. The resulting collection information text is a catalogue card, a general ledger, a record of entering and leaving the warehouse, and the like.
(2) Current status of environmental management of collections
In order to better protect the collection, the Changzhou Museum officially launched a preventive protection system in November 2016. The system uses the Internet of Things technology to dynamically collect the parameters of the environment in which the collection is located, through the sensor network. The collected parameters are transmitted back to the database of the system, and the dynamic information of each warehouse and exhibition environment is dynamically displayed through the terminal device. So that the collection manager can better maintain the environmental safety of the collection. This project involves a total of 69 monitoring instruments, including 55 sets of temperature and humidity combined sensors, 4 sets of CO 2-temperature and humidity combined sensors, 4 sets of VOCs-temperature and humidity combined sensors, and illuminance-UV-temperature and humidity combined sensor 6 The group basically covers the preservation environment of all the cultural relics in the collection.
(3) Current status of collection information management
In order to use the information of the collection in a deeper way, the Changzhou Museum officially launched the collection information management system in May 2017. The system realized collection of collections, identification of collections, cataloguing of collections, collection of collections, collection of collections, collection of collections, collections Integrated management of business activities such as outbound storage and collection repair. Because of the management of natural specimens in the Changzhou Museum, the system integrates heritage management and specimen management. At the same time, the system is also scalable, and the data interface with the preventive protection system and the interface of the National Cultural Relics Bureau's data reporting are reserved, which realizes the communication between the collection information data in each business system.
(4) Combine the actual situation of Changzhou Museum, briefly analyze the feasibility of introducing RFID technology
Firstly, it analyzes from the network architecture of system data transmission: Changzhou Museum implemented the wireless WIFI project in 2013, which consists of 27 omnidirectional AP points and 1 directional AP point to achieve full coverage of the museum's wireless signals. It provides a reliable channel for data return of RFID readers. If there are special requirements when deploying RFID in the warehouse, AP points can be added in the warehouse to enhance the coverage of wireless signals in the warehouse. This also provides a reliable transmission channel for RFID data backhaul; at the same time, we can also use the sensor network in the preventive protection project implemented by Changzhou Museum to transmit data from RFID readers.
Secondly, it analyzes the environmental information management of the collection: The preventive protection project run by the Changzhou Museum in November 2016 has realized the effective management of the collection environment. At the same time, the project also uses the sensor technology of the Internet of Things to introduce RFID technology. Provides a wealth of project implementation experience.
Finally, from the information management of the collection, the collection information management system operated by the Changzhou Museum in May 2017 realized the all-round management of the collection information, and provided the most accurate source of information for the introduction of RFID technology.
Selection analysis of implementation plan of collection management system
Hardware selection of RFID system
First of all, RFID tags are used for the speciality of museum collection management. UHF passive tags are used. The tags are easy to use and are directly attached to the surface of the collection. There is no electronic radiation on the collection. The storage in the user area is large. The capacity reaches 1728Bit; the data storage time is long, the theory can reach 10 years; the electronic tag has a relatively large adaptability to the working environment, and can be used at -30 ° C to 80 ° C, fully satisfying the warehouse environment of the collection; passive electronic label The price is cheap, and the price of an electronic label is as low as a few cents. Secondly, the antenna part adopts a (UHF) dipole type passive antenna, which is usually integrated in the electronic tag, which saves the trouble of erecting the antenna in the collection warehouse, and also provides a guarantee for the effective operation of the antenna. Finally: the reader part uses a handheld reader with a WIFI function module, which makes it easy to operate the electronic tag of the collection, and can also pass the data back to the collection management information system through the WIFI function module.
RFID system software solution
There are two software solutions for RFID systems:
First, the development of the collection information management system, the new label distribution module, label management module, so that it can be integrated with the existing collection management system;
The second is to use the information system to reserve data interface to retrieve data from the RFID system to achieve interoperability between the two systems. In terms of system stability and continuity, the first solution is more suitable for the actual situation of the Changzhou Museum.
Conclusion
The successful launch of the collection information management system laid a solid foundation for the introduction of RFID technology. At the same time, the successful implementation of preventive protection projects, as well as the successful experience of the Brothers Museum (Nanjing Museum, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum) provide reliable implementation experience for the introduction of this technology in Changzhou Museum, but there are some common applications of the fusion technology. Question: The first is whether the choice of RFID electronic tags will damage the collection. Secondly, whether the selection of RFID information transmission bands will generate harmonic interference with the frequency bands of the existing sensor networks. Finally, the application of RFID technology should be based on the Depending on the actual situation, it cannot be uniform.
For example, at the academic exchange meeting of the Jiangsu Museum New Technology Alliance in 2017, Hu Hammer, former director of the Information Department of the Palace Museum, mentioned that the application of RFID technology to the Palace Museum is more harmful than the benefits, so they will not adopt RFID technology. In view of the common problems in the industry, the method we have adopted is only avoided, but it has not been completely solved. For the selection of RFID electronic tags, the protection of the collection must be the first priority, not the cost and technology. Try to improve the information receiving sensitivity of the electronic tag without prejudice to the collection, which can greatly reduce the high frequency requirement for signal transmission, thereby reducing the possibility of generating harmonic interference.
In general, the integration of RFID technology with the collection information management system is feasible. The combination of the two will greatly improve the collection level of the Changzhou Museum, and also greatly improve the information level of the Changzhou Museum.
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