Promoting the agricultural supply side reform is the first step in the spring plowing

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] People Qin Chun came early. This year is the year of deepening the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture. Can the total grain output be stable throughout the year? Can structural adjustment and green development be smooth? The spring step is crucial.

"Spring equinox gets up, and it is worth a thousand dollars." On March 20th, the lunar spring equinox, from this day, the country went from south to north and entered the spring season of Chun Gengchun.

Promoting the reform of the supply side of agriculture is crucial

At this time, the northern winter wheat has been rejuvenated in large areas, the wheat in the Jianghuai area has been jointed, and the winter rapeseed is in the flowering stage; the winter wheat area in the northeastern region has developed the spring tube in the wheat field to promote the transformation and upgrading of the seedlings, and the southern rice area has strengthened the construction of high standard farmland. Prepare rice in the field and spring in time.

Hands-on action

A month ago, people were still immersed in the atmosphere of the New Year, and Ning Guojiang, a farmer from Xianggongzhuang Village, Gu'an County, Hebei Province, had started springing and broadcasting. 400 acres of wheat were crushed, irrigated, fertilized, and lived for half a month. The potatoes were also watered. In view of the concentration of planting time in the spring and the relative shortage of rural labor, the agricultural department of Hebei Province organized agricultural machinery to enter the village in advance, speeding up the progress of cultivation, expanding the area for planting and improving the quality of planting.

Last year, corn prices fell by a large margin, and grain prices fell. This spring, agricultural prices rose, and some farmers lacked confidence. In this regard, Jiangxi Province implemented 4.19 billion yuan of subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility and 645 million yuan for subsidies for agricultural machinery purchases. It provided financial support for farmers to purchase spring farmland agricultural materials and agricultural machinery and equipment, and mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain; Guided land circulation, 37,000 large grain-growing households in the province, and a moderately-scale grain operating area of ​​more than 6.2 million mu.

This year's spring ploughing and ploughing has the characteristics of quick action and early action. Shanxi Provincial Department of Agriculture early organization experts based on drought resistance, cold resistance, resistance to pests and diseases, formulated and issued wheat winter and spring field management advice. After the Spring Festival, various organizations in Henan Province organized early launch, targeted technical measures for different wheat fields, and carried out classified guidance, especially the technical measures such as cultivating, topdressing and dismantling, as early as possible, to promote the transformation and upgrading of the seedlings, and the current seedlings were significantly better than the above. Year, slightly better than normal.

“Because of the various measures taken before the local government to implement the spring ploughing spring, the spring agricultural production started well and the summer grain production base is good.” Zeng Yande, director of the Agriculture Department’s planting department, said that the winter wheat area is basically stable this year. At present, most of the wheat seedlings in the main producing areas are generally normal. The proportion of the first and second types of seedlings is 84.8%, which is better than that before the winter, which is equivalent to the same period of the previous year. It is a good year for the seedlings in recent years. In particular, rainfall has been sufficient since the autumn sowing, and the growth of dryland wheat, which accounts for more than 80% of the wheat area, is generally better than that of the previous year.

Aiming at stable grain and expanding

Faced with changes in agricultural product prices, this year's peasant planting intention structure optimization situation is more obvious, the rice and special rice planting scale is expanded, the grain corn area continues to decrease, and the area of ​​soybeans, miscellaneous grains, beans and potatoes increases. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture on 382 rural households in 57 counties in four northeastern provinces, the corn planting intention area is 186,000 mu, a year-on-year decrease of more than 20%. The main reason is to replant high-protein soybeans, among which the scale farmers' intentions are more intense.

Heilongjiang is a major province for grain production and a key province for structural adjustment. Li Shirun, deputy inspector of the Agriculture Committee of Heilongjiang Province, said that this year, the area of ​​grain corn will be reduced by 10 million mu, and 10 million mu of special crops such as vegetables and fresh corn will be developed. In the grain production, rice production will be stabilized and the area of ​​high-protein edible soybeans will be expanded. Increase the construction of the “Northern Vegetable South Sale” production base and build a batch of vegetable export bases.

At the same time, encourage farmers to develop high value-added specialty crops such as edible fungi, blueberries and hazelnuts.

Some grassroots cadres and peasants are worried that the adjustment of the structure will be afraid of the price drop at the time of harvest, and this adjustment may also be unsettled. It can be seen that what is adjusted, how to adjust it, and how to stabilize it, all need scientific planning. According to the requirements of agricultural reform, this year's spring ploughing will stabilize grain, excellent economics, and expand feeding, that is, stabilize food crops, optimize economic crops, expand forage, and read the four words of “tune, mention, link, and expand”. “Tune” and reduce the corn area. This year, we will strive to reduce the area of ​​grain corn in the non-advantageous area by 10 million mu and replant soybeans and miscellaneous grains. “Improve”, optimize the variety structure, increase the marketable and effective supply, and expand the characteristic supply. "Lian", promote the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, planting and breeding, integration of the first two or three industries, and extending the industrial chain. “Tuo” will promote the comprehensive breeding of rice fields, promote the intercropping and multi-planting mode, and actively develop the processing and circulation of agricultural products.

Change big water and big fat medicine

Compared with previous years, "green" is the focus of this year's spring ploughing, and it is also difficult. Promoting the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture is inseparable from the green high-yield technology model and green technologies such as water saving, fertilizer saving, and medicine saving. The cost can be enhanced and the quality can be improved. However, traditional methods of production have been used for many years, and farmers have been accustomed to using large water and large fertilizers. It takes a lot of effort to change old habits.

After efforts, in 2016, the national pesticide use achieved zero growth, and the use of chemical fertilizers was close to zero growth. On this basis, this year's spring ploughing continued to develop green high-yield, selected a number of key counties to carry out the establishment of the whole system, integrated and assembled a number of technical models of cost-effective, green development, recycling, standardized production. All localities began to highlight environmental issues from the region, with new agricultural management as the mainstay, and equipped with low-carbon recycling, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, medicine-saving and non-point source pollution prevention technologies and facilities.

“We have 110 acres of tomatoes in the park. This year, I took about half of the organic fertilizer dissolved in the middle of the earth, and the other half used it as a control. I used only chemical fertilizers like in previous years.” Hongchun Agricultural Park, Laoting County, Tangshan City, Hebei Province Chen Xinliang said that he asked technicians to apply organic water-soluble fertilizers for rooting and leaf spraying before and after planting, and found that the plants were significantly better than the unused plants, with fewer diseases, and the yield was increased by nearly one-third, and the soil was slow. Slowly improved. "According to our understanding, many vegetable farmers and fruit farmers have now realized the importance of organic water-soluble fertilizer."

In order to solve the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in the water network area, the modern ecological agriculture demonstration base of Daishan Village, Ezhou City, Hubei Province has constructed a clean water ecological agriculture through technologies such as fertilizer reduction, green prevention and control, rice-shrimp co-production, and under-forest poultry. Mode: Using the "rice-shrimp mutual benefit symbiosis" compound breeding ecosystem to achieve water quality improvement and ecological function recovery; use "grape, grass, chicken" three-dimensional breeding, effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce weeds more than 90%; use artificial wetlands Aquatic plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in three dimensions. Through comprehensive planting, the amount of chemical fertilizers decreased by more than 30%, and the amount of pesticides decreased by more than 70%.