Black flotation machine is suitable for non-ferrous metal sorting, but also for non-metallic such as: coal fluorite, talc sorting. The flotation machine drives the impeller to rotate by the electric motor V-belt drive, and generates centrifugal force to form a negative pressure. On the one hand, the air is mixed with the slurry, and on the one hand, the slurry is mixed with the medicine, and the foam is refined to make the mineral bond foam. , floating to the pulp surface to form mineralized foam. Adjust the height of the shutter and control the liquid level so that the useful foam is scraped off by the scraper.
basic requirements
1. Good aeration
The flotation machine must ensure that the slurry absorbs a sufficient amount of air (some flotation machines are external pressure fans to press the air) and are dispersed as much as possible throughout the tank. As the air diffuses more and more, the average, the more opportunities for the mineral particles to contact with the gas, the higher the efficiency of flotation.
2. Stirring
The flotation machine should ensure good agitation of the slurry, so that the ore particles are not suspended and can be evenly distributed in the tank, and at the same time promote the dissolution of some poorly soluble agents, so as to facilitate the full action of the agent and the ore particles. .
3. The role of reincarnation
The reincarnation of the pulp in the flotation machine can increase the chance of contact between the ore particles and the bubbles.
4. Can adjust the slurry level and work continuously
During the flotation process, it is sometimes necessary to adjust the thickness of the cavitation layer and the slurry flow. And in the production from the feeding to the discharge of concentrates and tailings discharge, are continuous processes.
Performance characteristics
The structure of the flotation machine: This machine is mainly composed of a slurry tank, a stirring device, an aeration device, a discharge mineralization foam device, and an electric motor.
1. Bearing tank: It has a slurry inlet and a gate device for adjusting the slurry surface. It is mainly composed of a tank welded with steel plates and a gate welded with steel plates and round steel.
2. Stirring device: It is used to stir the slurry to prevent the ore from sedimenting in the tank. It is mainly composed of pulley, impeller, vertical shaft, etc. The impeller is made of wear-resistant rubber.
3. Inflator: It consists of a ducted intake pipe. When the impeller rotates, a negative pressure is generated in the impeller chamber, and the air is sucked through the hollow pump tube and dispersed in the slurry to form a bubble group. This slurry with a large number of bubbles It is quickly thrown to the stator by the rotational force of the impeller, further refining the bubbles in the slurry, and eliminating the rotational movement of the slurry flow in the flotation tank, resulting in a large number of vertically rising microbubbles, providing necessary for the flotation process. condition.
4. Exclude mineralized bubble device: it scrapes the foam floating on the groove surface, mainly driven by the motor to drive the reducer, and the reducer drives the scraper.
Mechanical classification
The flotation machine type includes a mechanical agitation flotation machine, an inflatable flotation machine, a hybrid flotation machine or an aerated agitation flotation machine, and a gas precipitation type flotation machine.
Mechanical agitating flotation machine
The aeration and agitation of the slurry of the mechanical agitation flotation machine are realized by a mechanical agitator. It belongs to the external gas self-priming flotation machine. The aeration agitator has a pump-like suction characteristic, which is self-priming and self-priming. Mineral pulp.
The mechanical agitation flotation machine (commonly known as type A) is characterized by:
First, 18 to 20 guide vanes are mounted on the cover.
Second, the impeller, the cover plate, the vertical shaft, the intake pipe, the bearing, the pulley, and the like are assembled into an integral component.
Third, a circle of upright fins is placed around the trough to prevent eddy currents from forming.
Inflatable agitated flotation machine
Its characteristics are: 1. The amount of inflation is easy to adjust separately; 2. The mechanical agitator wears little; 3. The selection index is better; 4. The power consumption is low. 5, the effect of a large amount of inflation; 6, the formation of a slurry upflow.
Inflatable flotation machine
Inflatable flotation machine: 1, structural features: no mechanical agitator without transmission parts; 2, inflatable features: aerator inflated, bubble size adjusted by the structure of the aerator; 3, bubble and slurry mixing characteristics: countercurrent mixing. Uses: simple composition process, a higher grade, easy rough dressing stone, scavenger. The flotation column has a simple structure, a small footprint, convenient maintenance, easy operation, and power saving.
Gas precipitation flotation machine
The gas precipitation flotation machine is mainly used for flotation of fine-grained minerals and deoiling flotation of oily wastewater.
working principle
The flotation machine is mainly used for sorting non-ferrous metals such as copper , zinc , lead , nickel and gold, and can also be used for rough selection and selection of ferrous metals and non-metals. The motor is driven by the motor's V-belt drive to rotate the impeller, which generates centrifugal force to form a negative pressure. On the one hand, it absorbs sufficient air to mix with the slurry. On the one hand, it mixes the slurry with the drug, and refines the foam to make the mineral bond foam. Mineralized foam is formed on the slurry surface. Adjust the height of the shutter and control the liquid level so that the useful foam is scraped off by the scraper.
The coal slurry and the agent are thoroughly mixed and fed into the bottom of the first chamber of the flotation machine. After the impeller rotates, a negative pressure is formed in the wheel cavity, so that the slurry under the groove and the groove enters the lower suction port and the upper suction port of the impeller respectively. The mixing zone also allows air to enter the mixing zone along the gas guiding sleeve where the slurry, air and medicament mix.
Under the action of the centrifugal force of the impeller, the mixed slurry enters the mineralization zone, the air forms bubbles and is pulverized, and fully contacts with the coal particles to form mineralized bubbles, which are evenly distributed in the trough under the action of the stator and the turbulent plate. The section is moved upwards into the separation zone, enriched to form a foam layer, and discharged by a foaming mechanism to form a clean coal foam.
The sorting ring rotates slowly. When the sorting chamber enters the floating field, the selected materials are respectively fed to the six sorting points through the slurry distributor. The weak magnetic ore particles are sucked on the tooth plate and rotate with the sorting ring. The non-magnetic ore particles pass through the gap of the tooth plate under the action of gravity and slurry flow, and are discharged into the tailings trough in the lower part of the sorting ring. When the sorting room is transferred to the middle mine cleaning position, a small amount of washing water is fed in, and the mixed gangue, continuous body and slime are washed into the tailings tank (the machine is not provided with a medium ore tank) to improve the quality of the concentrate. the goal of. When the sorting chamber is turned to a position where the magnetic field is weak (concentrate flushing area), pressurized water is sprayed, and the weak magnetic ore that is sucked on the tooth plate is flushed into the concentrate tank. The sorting chamber is then transferred to another magnetic field region of opposite polarity, and the sorting ring is rotated one revolution per revolution, wherein each sorting chamber is repeated six times.
The coal particles that are not mineralized on the bottom of the tank will be mixed, mineralized and separated again through the circulation hole and the upper suction port. Part of the slurry that is not sucked by the impeller under the trough enters the bottom of the second chamber through the middle quarry buried in the slurry. After completing the entire process of the first chamber, it enters the third chamber, and the flotation machine is recirculated so that the slurry passes through the last. After one room, enter the tailings bin to discharge the final tailings.
structure
The structure of the flotation machine: This machine is mainly composed of a slurry tank, a stirring device, an aeration device, a discharge mineralization foam device, and an electric motor. 1. Bearing tank: It has a slurry inlet and a gate device for adjusting the slurry surface. It is mainly composed of a tank welded with steel plates and a gate welded with steel plates and round steel. 2. Stirring device: It is used to stir the slurry to prevent the ore from sedimenting in the tank. It is mainly composed of pulley, impeller, vertical shaft, etc. The impeller is made of wear-resistant rubber. 3. Inflator: It consists of a ducted intake pipe. When the impeller rotates, a negative pressure is generated in the impeller chamber, and the air is sucked through the hollow pump tube and dispersed in the slurry to form a bubble group. This slurry with a large number of bubbles It is quickly thrown to the stator by the rotational force of the impeller, further refining the bubbles in the slurry, and eliminating the rotational movement of the slurry flow in the flotation tank, resulting in a large number of vertically rising microbubbles, providing necessary for the flotation process. condition. 4. Exclude mineralized bubble device: it scrapes the foam floating on the groove surface, mainly driven by the motor to drive the reducer, and the reducer drives the scraper.
Flotation process
During the flotation process, the ups and downs of minerals are almost independent of mineral density. For example, chalcopyrite and quartz , the former density is 4.2, the latter is 2.68, but the heavy mineral chalcopyrite is easy to float, and the quartz sinks to the bottom. It has been found that the floatability of minerals is related to the affinity of water. Any mineral that has a high affinity with water and is easily wetted by water is difficult to adhere to bubbles. Minerals that have low affinity with water and are not easily wetted by water are easy to float.
Flotation is the same as other mineral processing methods. It is necessary to prepare the materials before the sorting, that is, the ore should be graded by grinding to achieve the concentration fineness suitable for flotation. In addition, there are several basic operations for flotation:
1. Adjustment of pulp and addition of flotation reagents. The purpose is to cause the difference in the surface properties of the mineral, that is, to change the wettability of the mineral surface, to adjust the selectivity of the mineral surface, so that some mineral particles can adhere to the gas, while others can not adhere to the air bubbles.
Second, stir up and cause a lot of bubbles. By means of the aeration stirring action of the flotation machine, the air in the slurry is dispersed to form a large number of bubbles, or the air dissolved in the slurry is formed into a micro-saturated state.
Third, the mineralization of bubbles. The ore particles selectively attach to the bubbles, which is the most basic behavior in the flotation process.
Flotation is a beneficiation method based on the difference in mineral wettability of minerals. The nature of minerals that are easy to float and difficult to float is generally referred to as the floatability of minerals. Flotation is the use of the difference in the floatability of minerals to sort minerals. In the modern flotation process, the application of the flotation agent is particularly important, because after the flotation agent treatment, the floatability of the mineral can be changed, so that the mineral to be floated can selectively adhere to the bubble, thereby achieving the purpose of beneficiation.
Maintenance
1. The working capacity and working period of the flotation machine are the same as other machines. It is determined to maintain and maintain the normal work of all major parts. All work parts should be carefully inspected 3-4 months, and in the new flotation machine. Frequent inspections during the first few months of work;
2. Only qualified personnel can carry out inspections.
3. In order to replace the vulnerable parts in time to reduce the downtime, a full set of wearing parts must be kept in the warehouse. The date of use and the amount of reserves of consumables are determined on a case-by-case basis.
4. It is necessary to ensure that the operator of the flotation machine has certain technical guidance or training, and strives to be fully familiar with the machine.
5. In order to prevent dirt and useless substances from being mixed into the oil, there should be a filter when filling the oil. When the flotation machine is working, the oil cover should be sealed.
6, after driving to check, and contact with the upper and lower process can be started.
7. The order of driving is: press the upper switch and press the start button.
8. After driving, it is strictly forbidden to touch the rotating part by hand.
Precautions:
The whole process of flotation is roughly divided into three parts: rough selection, sweeping and selection. The foam products in the selection area and rough selection area are sent to the selected area for one or more enrichment selection, and the selected foam is the final concentrate. product. Handling the medium ore amount scraped in the sweeping area and the tailings products in the selected area has become a key issue in the whole flotation process. The control of the medium ore amount is the focus of the whole flotation operation.
The control of the circulation volume of the mine, whether the direction of the pulp volume of the whole flotation process is smoother; whether the foam tank can not run open, whether the foam fluidity is poor or not; whether the slurry level in the flotation tank is relatively smooth High and second must be judged by experience, whether it is caused by changes in factors and process conditions. The return of mines in a ship control is 40_80%.
During the flotation operation, it is necessary to diligently observe the color of the foam, the thickness of the foam and the change of the sound of the scraped foam. It is also an inspection method for judging whether the ore selectivity and the difference and other process conditions are suitable. During the sorting process, the rough selection operation mainly checks whether the foam is heavy, whether the foam layer is thick, whether the foam size is relatively uniform, whether the first groove to the least groove, the thickness of the foam is obviously changed; the foam is scraped into the foam tank. Whether it is buzzing or not, to judge the indicator is better. If the foam layer in the rough selection tank is thin, the number of foams is small and large, and the change in the color of the foam is not obvious. The flotation machine is tumbling in the tank, and the foam is with the slurry falling into the foam tank. The flotation index is definitely better. difference.
Observing the color of the foam in the sweeping area and the selected area, it is mainly judged whether the tailing grade and the concentrate grade are low and high. The color of the last row of foam is generally the best on the surface of the metal, indicating that the mineral separation is well-defined; the dead angle in the flotation cell is a glossy foam, indicating that the flotation agent and other process conditions are properly adjusted, which is beneficial to the tailings. Reduced. It is difficult to judge the high and low grades of the concentrates for flotation. It is only good to control the foam layer of the selected tanks above 200_300mm. It is strictly forbidden to select the operation to scrape the slurry into the concentrate products. Conducive to obtaining high-grade concentrate products.
The flotation machine's aeration amount and the gate adjust the slurry level, and the thickness of the foam in the control tank is a question mark for the flotation operation. Some flotation workers are good at combining the aeration volume with the flotation gate, adjusting the slurry surface to form a thicker foam layer, but using the inflatable view to adjust the surface of the ore surface to scrape, not fully utilizing the flotation machine and flotation process. The effect of the flotation machine's inflatable gate and slurry level control gate, the adjustment of the inflatable gate should be flexible, otherwise it will bring difficulties to the flotation operation.
How to use the inflatable gate and the slurry level control gate, adjust the foam layer balance in the flotation tank with the inflatable gate, and pay attention to adjust the stirring action of the flotation machine. The motor belt of the flotation machine is tight; the slurry surface is discharged. Adjust the foam scraping without slurry, so that the flotation machine has a thick foam layer. If the efficiency of the flotation equipment is not high, it should be checked or repaired in time to create better conditions for the flotation operation and the improvement of the flotation index.
Mechanical operation
1. The working capacity and working period of the flotation machine are the same as other machines. It is determined to maintain and maintain the normal work of all major parts. All work parts should be carefully inspected 3-4 months, and in the new flotation machine. Frequent inspections during the first few months of work;
2. Only qualified personnel can carry out inspections.
3. In order to replace the vulnerable parts in time to reduce the downtime, a full set of wearing parts must be kept in the warehouse. The date of use and the amount of reserves of consumables are determined on a case-by-case basis.
4. It is necessary to ensure that the operator of the flotation machine has certain technical guidance or training, and strives to be fully familiar with the machine.
5. In order to prevent dirt and useless substances from being mixed into the oil, there should be a filter when filling the oil. When the flotation machine is working, the oil cover should be sealed.
6, after driving to check, and contact with the upper and lower process can be started.
7. The order of driving is: press the upper switch and press the start button.
8. After driving, it is strictly forbidden to touch the rotating part by hand.
Mechanical maintenance
1. Before the flotation machine works, it is necessary to thoroughly check whether the operating mechanism of each part is normal, wipe the rocker rail with a fine cotton yarn and fill the oil according to the lubricating oil grade.
2. The flotation machine rocker arm and the headstock are locked before they can be operated.
3. There must be no obstacles in the swinging range of the rocker arm of the flotation machine.
4. Before the flotation machine opens the powder machine, the work table, workpiece, fixture and cutting tool of the magnetic separation machine must be straightened and fastened.
5. The flotation machine correctly selects the spindle speed and the amount of feed, and must not be overloaded.
6. Drill holes beyond the workbench and the workpiece must be stable.
7. When the flotation machine tool is running and automatic feeding, it is not allowed to change the fastening speed. If the speed change can only be stopped after the spindle is completely stopped, it can be carried out.
8. Flotation machine loading and unloading cutting tools and measuring workpieces must be carried out during the shutdown. It is not allowed to directly drill the workpiece by hand and do not wear gloves.
9. If the flotation machine is found to have abnormal sounds, it must be stopped immediately to check for troubles.
Before starting the machine, check the bolts of each part first. Before starting the machine, you should manually rotate the wheel to prevent the sediment from accumulating and increase the load of the motor. When working, carefully adjust the height of the gate to keep the liquid level stable and keep the ore on the slurry surface. The foam is scraped into the launder. The impeller and stator should be kept at a certain distance. When worn, care should be taken to replace them. The bearings in the pump should be serviced once every three months.
Causes and treatment methods of partial liquid surface tumbling in flotation machine
(1) The impeller and the cover of the flotation machine are not installed correctly, causing the axial gap to be large and small on one side. The side with a large gap turns over. Treatment method; adjust the gap between the impeller and the cover plate.
(2) The cover plate of the flotation machine is partially broken by the impeller. Treatment method; replace the cover.
(3) The machine steady plate is lacking. Treatment method; fill the steady flow plate.
(4) The pipe joint of the machine is loose. Treatment method; fastening.
(5) When the machine is equipped with a steady flow grid plate, some of the grid plates are broken or blocked, and the treatment method; removing the blockage or repairing the grid plate.
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