4 shallow, wet (dry, sun), deep scientific water management technology
4.1 Shallow water irrigation period
Seedlings return to the green period to maintain shallow water during the tillering period, creating a stable temperature and humidity environment for the seedlings, promoting early-onset new roots and accelerating greening. And irrigation of shallow water can increase water temperature mud temperature, large temperature difference between day and night, promote childbirth early birth, fast hair, increase the number of tillers per plant.
4.2 Wet (dry, sun) field time
From the end of childbirth to the beginning of young panicle differentiation, Honda should discharge light from the open field to improve the percentage of tillers and spikes, and to suppress invalid tillers. High cropland, sandy soil, and seedlings are generally exposed to the sun, while deep mud fields, high fertility fields, and seedlings, with thick leaves and strong growth, can be re-sunshine. The physicochemical properties of the soil were improved through the sun drying, and the root development of the plant was promoted, and the plant resistance to lodging and lodging was enhanced. In addition, the use of intermittent irrigation during the seed-filling and grain-filling period to keep the paddy field moist can prolong the functional period of the later leaves of the plant and maintain strong photosynthesis to reduce empty grains and increase grain weight.
4.3 Deepwater Irrigation
Planting and booting stage, especially heading and flowering stage should be suitable for deep water irrigation. In the panicle development period, the irrigation of the water layer should be maintained in terms of physiological or ecological water requirements. In addition, the mid-late-maturing combination often has high-temperature injury or even fire southward during the heading and flowering stage in July. In this case, deep-water irrigation can significantly reduce the impact of high temperature. According to experimental irrigation deep water 7cm can be cooled about 0.5 °C, and the increase in humidity is very beneficial to the production of out-cross seed and fruit.
5Discussion on flowering forecasting techniques of "three steps" in "four steps", "nutrition period" and "four-leaf four leaves"
5.1 Four-leaf prediction method
The paddy field is diluted with sowing, the fertility conditions are good, the seedlings are low in the tillering stage, the tillering is early and many, and the quality of the seedlings is reflected in the four-leaf stage and the growth period is determined. That is to say, if the growth status of the seedlings is good, the number of leaves of the main stem will be reduced, the duration of the sowing will be shortened, and the heading date will be earlier; otherwise, it will be relatively increased and prolonged.
5.2 Nutrition Period Prediction
In the vegetative growth period of Honda, the climate and weather conditions are good, and the temperature and light are sufficient; when the planting is relatively dense, the fertilizer and water management conditions are good, and the cultivation measures are appropriate, the parent leaves are accelerated, the duration of the broadcast is shortened, and the heading period is earlier; Relatively prolonged and postponed. It is worth pointing out that this regularity, which promotes growth and promotes development, is limited to the vegetative period, and to the reproductive growth period or the transition period between growth and development, it often promotes growth and delays development. This is also the theoretical basis behind what we said later.
5.3 inverted four-leaf prediction
It is estimated that when the breeding parent enters the inverted five-leaf stage, instillation of 10mg/kg of the ninety-five fluid is to be observed on the fifth day with the help of a microscope or a magnifying glass to examine whether the tip of the stem is entered or not. , leaf speed, leaf age records, parent (x) mother (Y) the number of leaves, according to the regression equation y = 1.21x-0.23 predict whether the flowering period meet.
6 Master the "three easy" and "three difficulties" and timely and effectively regulate the parents' flowering technology
6.1 Grasp the "Sanyi" and "Three Difficulties" of Adjusting Flowering Time
"Sanyi" is an early adjustment and adjustment, and is easy to adjust and adjust. "Three difficulties" is relatively speaking, late adjustment is difficult: to the young panicle differentiation in the 7th and 8th period of re-adjustment of course difficult, and can use fewer adjustment methods; early adjustment difficult: relatively delayed heading, it is difficult to advance the parental growth period ; Adjustment mother is difficult: mainly the mother group is relatively large, relatively insensitive, higher adjustment costs.
6.2 Main adjustment techniques
One is the regulation of agronomic practices. As mentioned above, many cultivation measures r grow well and promote development, consistent with the cultivation objectives, and because of “early adjustment and adjustmentâ€, therefore, in addition to increasing the yield, the cultivation measures must be consistent with the coordinated development of both parents at any time. Consider it. In addition, cutting heads and cultivators can delay heading. If the main pod is removed, it must be re-fertilized in the early stage of spikelet differentiation to produce more late tillers and spikes.
The second is the fertilizer and water promotion control method. Nitrogen-controlled potassium promotion: Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer can delay the pumping and prolong the flowering period for 1 to 2 days. Continuous application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the spike differentiation period.
Can promote development, early flowering period of 1 to 2 days. Dry water control promotes the use of the male parent to control the growth and development of the water-sensitive characteristics of the field, and irrigation of deep water to promote growth and development.
The third is hormone regulation. Paclobutrazol control, the appropriate amount of paclobutrazol before the third spike differentiation, could delay the heading for 1 to 3 days, and sprayed after the seven spikes of young panicles to adjust Huabao and trace 9200 to advance and accelerate the development.
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