Self-inspected air is in full swing to promote information disclosure

Liu Jun, a volunteer of the Friends of Nature Group, a friend of the nature-friendly organization of environmental protection groups, called Wei Ling Dao at Weibo. On the night of March 27, he issued a PM2.5 concentration at a certain location in Wuhan City on the same day. This is something Liu Jun must do every day and calls himself "the Wuhan Air Diary." Although his current "fan" is less than 300, he believes that the significance of civil self-test will always be recognized by more people.

In many cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wenzhou, this kind of spontaneous “I measure the air for the motherland” activities is in full swing. At the same time, evaluations such as "not professional" and "not credible" followed.

Whether the data is trusted

May not be authoritative but can understand the air quality around

The "I measured the air for the motherland" activity began in April last year. The environmental protection and non-governmental organization Dahl asked the Natural Qizhishe to list it as a project for civil independent inspection. At that time, it did not cause much concern. After last autumn and winter, the continuous haze weather in many areas across the country, the public's attention to PM2.5 made this activity hot.

“Without official data, we come by ourselves to see what is happening around us.” For a time, self-test activities were pushed from Beijing to the whole country. Netizens donated and sponsored by non-governmental organizations. Some portable detection devices in cities were put in place, and test data were successively accessed.

Some doubts continue to emerge. The doubt comes from the official first. The relevant person in charge of the Guangzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau stated that the environmental monitoring data must represent the real situation, need to meet the requirements of equipment and instruments, and have the requirements on the location, height and distribution density of the observation points, and the operators must also have qualifications. Caixing.

A person in charge of the Wuhan City Environmental Monitoring Center Station Automation Office also believes that from the point of view of the current operation methods of the volunteers, their equipment, monitoring methods, etc. are not in line with national regulations, and monitoring time is too short, not very scientific.

According to reports, the environmental protection department mainly carries out air quality monitoring based on the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The methods used include the oscillating balance method and the beta ray method. From the equipment used to the technical specifications, there is a set of strict standards. In an interview with local media, the chief expert of the Guangdong Provincial Meteorological Bureau stated that monitoring instruments for environmental protection and meteorological departments require special certification and bidding in terms of model and performance. At present, each official monitoring equipment costs about 700,000 yuan. Environmental protection and meteorological departments conduct monitoring of air quality and PM2.5. Every day, they must perform standard tests and comparisons. They must also compare regularly (eg, 5 days and 10 days). The technical level needs to meet national standards and the instrument will be Accredited.

Compared with the professionalism, authority, and standards of the environmental protection and meteorological departments, volunteers with portable instruments that cost only RMB 25,000 are a bit dwarfed. However, they still think that their own detection behavior is meaningful. “Equipment is a legal scale that is produced by regular manufacturers and meets the national technical quality standards. We just want to understand the air quality around us.” Liu Jun said that they hope to summarize the air quality and visibility that can be mastered for ordinary people through long-term observation. The relationship between the effective reduction of air pollution damage. In order to understand the performance of the instrument, Liu Jun also plans to send the instrument to a local manufacturer of specialized equipment. That manufacturer is a supplier to many domestic environmental protection agencies.

Regarding the question of whether the self-test data is authoritative, Dahl asked Feng Yongfeng, a researcher at the Natural Qizhizhishe, to express his opinions. “We are not a qualified testing agency, but are responsible for the authenticity of the professional detectors and test results used. What we detect is what we publish. We never want to represent the air quality of the entire city and may not become authoritative, but You can know the situation around you."

Is it necessary?

Urging the official site to be laid out more rationally and the data more comprehensive and transparent

The “I measure air for the motherland” started when the environmental protection department did not officially start monitoring PM2.5. Today, the new “Ambient Air Quality Standard” has been promulgated, and PM2.5 is included as a routine monitoring project. This year municipalities and provincial capitals The city must start monitoring. With the data from the environmental protection department, is it necessary to self-test air?

Although super-sized cities like Beijing and Guangzhou have started to release PM2.5 monitoring data, because the site distribution cannot convince the public, many people still want to understand the air quality around them.

According to the monitoring sites announced by various cities, the number of better conditions is 8-10, and some are still only one or two. The distribution of the sites has also caused heated discussions. The three PM2.5 monitoring points selected by Nanjing were Caochangmen, Xuanwu Lake and Xianlin University City respectively. Of the 10 points selected by the city of Guangzhou, 7 are in schools, 1 in parks and 1 in remote areas. Many netizens questioned: "These monitoring points are too ecological, and the measured data may not be representative."

“When people watch the local air quality information every day, it's hard to avoid being paralyzed. The monitoring point is so far away from my home. They are in such a position that the air quality is good. Who can tell me, what is the air quality of my family? When I work and live my life, where are the places that may be exposed to severe air pollution?” Feng Yongfeng’s questions and concerns are not excessive. For example, on March 17, the PM10 concentration value released by Wuhan Environmental Protection Department was 72 micrograms/cubic meter (PM2.5 may account for 50% to 80% of PM10), while Liu Jun's self-tested PM2.5 value was as high as 140 micrograms. /cubic meter. Although there may be certain deviations in the values, Liu Jun's self-test results also reflect the local situation at that time to some extent.

“In the USA, the general public visits the official air quality information website, and as long as the zip code of their own region is entered, real-time monitoring data and prediction data of air pollution levels and particulate pollution can be queried. If our environmental protection department can do this, We are relieved and relieved.” Cui Xiaoling, a resident of Haidian District, told reporters.

Wang Yuesi, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said when discussing the distribution of PM2.5 monitoring stations, he said that from the physical characteristics analysis, PM2.5 is more spatially distributed than PM10. Therefore, monitor PM2.5 to select a representative point. For large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, 20-25 points can be used to detect PM2.5 at the existing monitoring point of PM10, and capital cities can choose 10-15 points.

“We really want to understand the air quality of this city and then come up with ways to improve the air quality in this city. Then, when selecting the monitoring stations, we should select more heavily polluted areas. Our determination to govern under the pain will only let the public know that even a small amount of pollution will imply a major danger to human life. We release our own test data, not to associate it with the environmental protection department PK, or to hope that The layout of the department is more scientific and more reasonable, said Feng Yongfeng.

What can bring

Promote information disclosure and promote public participation in air pollution reduction

A small detection device, a piece of data that only represents the local, what can they bring?

Feng Yongfeng told reporters that the experience of managing PM2.5 abroad shows that it is the full disclosure of information and the formation of effective public supervision, which in turn reinforces the government’s determination and strength in governance. Ma Jun, a well-known environmental activist who has long been concerned with air quality issues, also expressed in Weibo that it is necessary to let the public know, such as issuing warnings when severe pollution, can condense public opinion and promote the concerted efforts of the whole society to reduce emissions.

Chen Jiajun, head of Canucks Guangzhou for Guangzhou Air Testing, stressed: “It is more meaningful to promote Guangzhou citizens' concern for air quality than testing data.” Liu Jun said: “What we want is the attention of the public and discover the laws of air pollution. Let the people seek advantages and avoid disadvantages."

Cultivating more “air fans” and letting everyone pay attention to the air quality around them and using their own practical actions to promote emission reduction can be said to be the original intention of these self-tested airmen.

In addition to writing “The Wuhan Air Diary” on Weibo daily, Liu Jun also has a series of plans to launch the “I measure air for the community” campaign to let citizens design their own testing programs to explore ways to reduce air pollution for their home lives; "Jia Air Leisure Zone" allows bicycle enthusiasts and outdoor enthusiasts to inspect the air of the scenic spot, look for the location of Wuhan Jiajia's air quality, and give lectures on energy saving and emission reduction science so that everyone can start from their own to reduce air pollution...

On March 19th, the "I'm Measuring Air for Wuhan" project team of the Friends of Nature's Wuhan Group of Environmental NGOs organized the first "Looking for a good air leisure zone". A team of cyclists led by Zhao Jian of the Qingshan Bicycle Association will ride from Qingshan District to Longquan Mountain and Liangzi Lake in Jiangxia District. Liu Jun rides with the team, detects air quality along the way and publishes data on Weibo in real time.

Dahl asked Wang Qiuxia, who is in charge of air testing at the Natural Qizhizhi Club, and said that in addition to the self-test activities, they are brewing a "Public Participation in Air Pollution Prevention and Control Strategy Research" project. On the one hand, they put forward suggestions for improving the government's air pollution control measures; On the other hand, it promotes the public to start with practice and participate in the prevention and control of air pollution. They hope that this project will enhance the overall awareness of prevention and control of air pollution in the whole society, and at the same time bring together the people and wisdom, and refine some measures and methods that are more conducive to the prevention and control of air pollution.

“We cannot wait for the improvement of air quality. We not only need precise air information, but also need to promote air pollution control. We are ready to initiate a nationwide public air pollution prevention advocacy campaign to allow the public to truly participate. "Wang Qiuxia said.

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