Xiao Bian can help you easily get your car battery

There are many important components in the engine compartment of the car. They have different divisions of labor and control the various functions of the vehicles. Many of them are easily overlooked by the owners. Today we are referring to the car's battery. This seemingly simple component plays a vital role in the operation of the engine. If it were to strike, then the car would be basically halved. How can we avoid problems with the battery? How can we solve the problem? Looking down, we will answer for you one by one.

First of all, we must know what the battery is. A battery is also called a battery, and a battery is one of many batteries. In simple terms, it works by converting chemical energy into electricity. The car battery we are referring to is a lead-acid battery. The battery is mainly composed of lead and other oxides, and sulfuric acid solution is used as the electrolyte.

The battery of a car belongs to a DC power supply. Its functions include: providing a strong starting current when starting the engine, assisting the generator to supply power to the power generator when the generator is overloaded, supplying power to the power-consuming equipment when the engine is idling, and protecting the power-consuming equipment of the vehicle. A portion of the electrical energy can be converted to chemical energy for storage.

Battery structure

Lead-acid batteries are used in automobile batteries. The batteries are composed of positive and negative plates, separators, housings, electrolytes, and wiring pile heads. The chemical reactions of discharges are based on the active materials of positive plates and active materials of negative plates. The action of the electrolyte is carried out, wherein the grid of the plate is made of lead-antimony alloy.

The maintenance-free battery is made of lead-calcium alloy. Since the battery adopts a lead-calcium alloy grid, the amount of water decomposed during charging is small, the amount of water evaporation is also low, and the sealed structure of the shell is used to release the sulfuric acid gas. It is also rare, so it has the advantage of long battery storage time compared to conventional batteries.

Battery classification

At present, the mainstream automotive battery is divided into three categories, namely ordinary batteries, dry charged batteries and maintenance-free batteries, of which maintenance-free batteries are the most common applications, most of our family cars are equipped with this kind of battery.

Ordinary storage batteries: The plates of ordinary storage batteries are composed of lead and lead oxides, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. It has the advantages of stable voltage, low cost, etc. The disadvantages are low specific energy, short service life and frequent maintenance.

Dry storage battery: Its full name is dry charged lead-acid battery, its main feature is that the negative plate has a high ability to store electricity, in the case of complete drying, it can basically not lose internal electricity within two years; but use method Slightly cumbersome, need to add electrolyte, wait about 30 minutes to activate.

Maintenance-free battery: The electrolyte consumption of this type of battery is very small, and there is basically no need to supplement distilled water during its life cycle. In addition, it also has the advantages of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, and small volume self-discharge, and its service life is also twice longer than that of ordinary batteries. At present, most household cars are equipped with maintenance-free batteries, and manufacturers such as our common Volkswagen, Citroen, and Nissan have adopted them as standard equipment.

It is worth noting that there are two kinds of maintenance-free storage batteries currently on the market: one is to add the electrolyte at one time during purchase, and no additional fluid is needed for later use; the other is that the battery has been added with electrolyte at the factory. , And completely sealed, can not be injected at the end of the supplement fluid.

How the battery works

After understanding the car battery, here's a brief introduction to the working principle of the battery. The negative electrode of the storage battery is composed of lead plates filled with spongy lead, and the lead plate filled with lead dioxide is used as a positive electrode, and 22% to 28% of dilute sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte. The voltage of each battery is 2V. Usually, the battery used in a car is a battery pack in which six lead batteries are connected in series of 12V, and the lead battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged, which is also called a secondary battery.

When charging, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and when discharged, the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery is discharged, the metal lead is a negative electrode, an oxidation reaction occurs, and is oxidized to lead sulfate; lead dioxide is a positive electrode and undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are generated at both ends. After removing the power supply, it returns to its pre-discharge state and forms a chemical battery.