On July 28, 2006, an explosion occurred in the trial production process of a branch company of the Northern Jiangsu Chemical Co., Ltd., resulting in 22 deaths and 29 injuries; July 11, 2007, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, a Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Urea An explosion occurred during the commissioning of the reconstruction and expansion project, resulting in nine deaths and one injury. On November 27, an explosion occurred during the production of diazonium salt in Jiangsu Lianhua Science and Technology Co., Ltd., resulting in 8 deaths and 5 injuries. These accidents occurred in the trial production process of newly-built, reconstructed, and expanded chemical companies. The trial-production stage became a dangerous and high-risk period for chemical safety accidents.
According to the analysis, the above-mentioned chemical safety accidents are analyzed from the technical level and can be avoided originally, at least not causing such large casualties. The phenomenon of "accident amplification" has emerged, fully revealing the serious absence of safety management in the trial production phase of chemical companies. From an objective point of view, because of the unstable operation of the process, equipment, and instruments in the trial production, the operator is not familiar with the device, the process index control, and the equipment operation are all in the process of exploration. The operation and control are unskilled and inexperienced.
From the analysis of the main reasons: First, chemical companies generally do not pay attention to the “three simultaneous†work of new, reform, and expansion projects, and some have not undergone trial production by “three simultaneous†examination and acceptance, and some have designed, built, and produced side by side. And no formal design, no qualification contracting construction, without any approval procedures, brutal production; some production process is not mature, does not have trial production conditions, coupled with the eager to recover the investment cost mentality, quick success, take the risk, even in the pilot did not succeed In the case of illegal decisions, hurry to start. Second, the factory buildings and production processes have not gone through formal design, production layout and equipment placement are unreasonable, and the factory buildings do not meet the specification requirements, and the safety spacing is insufficient. Third, there are too many personnel on the trial production site, and there is no emergency plan for site management. Strictly prohibiting unrelated personnel from appearing at chemical production sites is a common practice in safe production in high-risk industries. According to common sense, the chemical company will conduct many safety trainings and educations for its employees in this regard. However, from the perspective of the accident, a large number of irrelevant people are full of liveliness. After the accident, the rescue scene is chaotic and directly leads to accidents. Expansion, causing bodily harm.
To this end, Sun Huashan, deputy director of the State Administration of Work Safety, pointed out that to prevent and eliminate the occurrence of similar accidents, chemical companies must strictly comply with the statutory procedures for capital construction for new, reconstructed, and expanded projects, and “three-simultaneous†review and acceptance is a statutory prerequisite program. , not optional. Whether the production equipment meets the requirements of the national standard, whether the installation meets the requirements, whether it has the start-up test production conditions, whether the emergency facilities are built, and whether the measures are in place, must be subject to strict examination and confirmation. In particular, the use of nitrification, fluorination, chlorination, diazotization, hydrogenation and other high-risk processes and high temperature and high pressure, high-speed operation and other equipment, but also can not be slammed, sloppy, otherwise, the tragedy of the plant destroyed is difficult to avoid. New and reconstructed projects should adopt safe and reliable process technology. For the first time in China, process technologies should be organized to provide experts with demonstrations and safety evaluations of the project's safety and reliability, and to fully and accurately analyze and identify hazards and degrees of harmfulness. Process, equipment, and automatic control systems must be fully demonstrated for safety and reliability. The design and construction of a construction project must be carried out by the corresponding qualification unit for design and construction. A quality assurance system for procurement of equipment and materials for construction projects must be established and perfected. The quality of procurement must be strictly controlled, and raw materials that do not meet design requirements and unqualified quality must be eliminated. Before commissioning and feeding, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and thorough trial feeding plan, safety measures and emergency plans.
The reporter learned that the "Guidance on Strengthening the Basic Work of Safety Management for Small and Medium-sized Chemical Enterprises (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)" recently issued by the State Administration of Work Safety has also emphasized that the construction, construction, supervision and The engineering and technical personnel of the construction unit carry out “three inspections and four determinations†and employs experienced engineers and technicians to provide guidance on the commissioning and feeding process of the project; the operator must participate in the plant commissioning in the whole process, and after passing the assessment, they can participate in chemical feeding. Trial production operations; emergency treatment methods not only to explain clearly, but also to understand and master; to ensure that the trial production personnel are lean and do not leave unrelated personnel present. With the guidance on safety management, it depends on how the company has implemented it.
According to the analysis, the above-mentioned chemical safety accidents are analyzed from the technical level and can be avoided originally, at least not causing such large casualties. The phenomenon of "accident amplification" has emerged, fully revealing the serious absence of safety management in the trial production phase of chemical companies. From an objective point of view, because of the unstable operation of the process, equipment, and instruments in the trial production, the operator is not familiar with the device, the process index control, and the equipment operation are all in the process of exploration. The operation and control are unskilled and inexperienced.
From the analysis of the main reasons: First, chemical companies generally do not pay attention to the “three simultaneous†work of new, reform, and expansion projects, and some have not undergone trial production by “three simultaneous†examination and acceptance, and some have designed, built, and produced side by side. And no formal design, no qualification contracting construction, without any approval procedures, brutal production; some production process is not mature, does not have trial production conditions, coupled with the eager to recover the investment cost mentality, quick success, take the risk, even in the pilot did not succeed In the case of illegal decisions, hurry to start. Second, the factory buildings and production processes have not gone through formal design, production layout and equipment placement are unreasonable, and the factory buildings do not meet the specification requirements, and the safety spacing is insufficient. Third, there are too many personnel on the trial production site, and there is no emergency plan for site management. Strictly prohibiting unrelated personnel from appearing at chemical production sites is a common practice in safe production in high-risk industries. According to common sense, the chemical company will conduct many safety trainings and educations for its employees in this regard. However, from the perspective of the accident, a large number of irrelevant people are full of liveliness. After the accident, the rescue scene is chaotic and directly leads to accidents. Expansion, causing bodily harm.
To this end, Sun Huashan, deputy director of the State Administration of Work Safety, pointed out that to prevent and eliminate the occurrence of similar accidents, chemical companies must strictly comply with the statutory procedures for capital construction for new, reconstructed, and expanded projects, and “three-simultaneous†review and acceptance is a statutory prerequisite program. , not optional. Whether the production equipment meets the requirements of the national standard, whether the installation meets the requirements, whether it has the start-up test production conditions, whether the emergency facilities are built, and whether the measures are in place, must be subject to strict examination and confirmation. In particular, the use of nitrification, fluorination, chlorination, diazotization, hydrogenation and other high-risk processes and high temperature and high pressure, high-speed operation and other equipment, but also can not be slammed, sloppy, otherwise, the tragedy of the plant destroyed is difficult to avoid. New and reconstructed projects should adopt safe and reliable process technology. For the first time in China, process technologies should be organized to provide experts with demonstrations and safety evaluations of the project's safety and reliability, and to fully and accurately analyze and identify hazards and degrees of harmfulness. Process, equipment, and automatic control systems must be fully demonstrated for safety and reliability. The design and construction of a construction project must be carried out by the corresponding qualification unit for design and construction. A quality assurance system for procurement of equipment and materials for construction projects must be established and perfected. The quality of procurement must be strictly controlled, and raw materials that do not meet design requirements and unqualified quality must be eliminated. Before commissioning and feeding, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and thorough trial feeding plan, safety measures and emergency plans.
The reporter learned that the "Guidance on Strengthening the Basic Work of Safety Management for Small and Medium-sized Chemical Enterprises (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)" recently issued by the State Administration of Work Safety has also emphasized that the construction, construction, supervision and The engineering and technical personnel of the construction unit carry out “three inspections and four determinations†and employs experienced engineers and technicians to provide guidance on the commissioning and feeding process of the project; the operator must participate in the plant commissioning in the whole process, and after passing the assessment, they can participate in chemical feeding. Trial production operations; emergency treatment methods not only to explain clearly, but also to understand and master; to ensure that the trial production personnel are lean and do not leave unrelated personnel present. With the guidance on safety management, it depends on how the company has implemented it.