To change the mode of development, we must make energy-saving and emission reduction an important starting point, and implement the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†“Outline†to introduce a binding index that reduces the energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 20% and the total amount of major pollutants by 10%. Build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. This is both an immediate task and a long-term strategic need.
First, fully understand the importance and urgency of energy-saving emission reduction First, energy-saving emission reduction is the fundamental way to solve China's energy problems. China has a large population, relatively low energy resources, per capita possessions far below the world average, and internationally recognized 45 kinds of mineral resources that are indispensable in the industrialization process. China’s per capita possession is less than half of the world average; oil and natural gas per capita The remaining proved recoverable reserves are only 7.7% and 7.1% of the world's average. Even with relatively abundant reserves of coal resources, per capita occupancy is only 63% of the world average, based on available resources.
At present, China is in an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. The intensity of consumption of energy resources is high, and the scale of consumption continues to expand. The contradiction between energy supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent. In the future, with the further expansion of the economic scale, energy demand will continue to increase rapidly. The rapid increase in energy demand poses severe challenges to the availability of energy resources, carrying capacity, and national energy security. Relieving the energy bottlenecks and making every effort to increase supply are important, but the fundamental way out is to adhere to the principle of development and conservation, energy conservation and priority, vigorously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve energy efficiency, and develop alternative energy sources and renewable energy sources.
Second, energy-saving and emission reduction is a fundamental solution to reducing environmental pollution. China is one of the few countries that use coal as the main energy source, and it is also the world's largest consumer of coal. Coal-burning pollution has become quite serious. With the rapid growth of motor vehicles, atmospheric pollution in big cities has developed from soot-type pollution to soot and mixed emissions from motor vehicle exhaust. In 2006, China's sulfur dioxide emissions amounted to 25.89 million tons, and chemical oxygen demand emissions amounted to 14.28 million tons, which greatly exceeded the environmental capacity. The amount of industrial solid waste generated reached 1.52 billion tons, which was 2 times that of 1995. Acid rain has accounted for 30% of the country's land area. 70% of the river systems have been polluted, and 1/5 of the city's air pollution is serious. The massive production of water, air and solid waste pollution is intrinsically linked to the extensive economic growth pattern. High energy and resource consumption will inevitably bring about high environmental pollution, and economic development will face enormous environmental pressure. Therefore, vigorously promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction, actively developing a recycling economy, and accelerating the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society are the fundamental measures for resolving the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection. At the same time, it is also an urgent need to respond to global climate change, and it is our responsibility.
Third, energy conservation and emission reduction are an urgent task for achieving sound and rapid economic development. Adhere to the word "good", and seek for the best in the future, focusing on optimizing the structure, quality, and benefits, so as to maintain the rapid growth rate for a long time. In the past two years, positive progress has been made in energy conservation and emission reduction, which has played a positive role in promoting sound and rapid economic development. However, the situation is still very severe. The main reason is that the economic growth rate is fast, especially the high energy consumption and high emission industries have grown too fast. From January to November of last year, of the industrial added value above designated size, the value added of heavy industry increased by 19.5% year-on-year, which was 3.5% faster than light industry. The six high energy-consuming industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, power, petroleum, petrochemical, building materials, and chemical industries increased by 19.0%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points year-on-year, and the pattern of heavy industrial structure did not change, although technological progress and management were strengthened by increasing The efficiency of the direct use of energy has been greatly improved, but the amount of energy saved has been offset by the heavy construction. Judging from the current progress, the average annual decline in energy consumption per unit of GDP for the three years after the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†needs to reach more than 5% to achieve the goal of a 50% reduction by 20%; the five-year target for a 10% reduction in major pollutants basically falls on the After three years of completion, the pressure is considerable. If this trend cannot be reversed as soon as possible, it will not only determine whether the energy conservation and emission reduction targets can be achieved, but also whether the good momentum of economic development can continue to be maintained, and it will also be detrimental to the economic development of the entire “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. influences.
Fourth, energy conservation and emission reduction are the essential requirements for scientific development and social harmony. China's economic development has achieved remarkable achievements, but it has also paid a huge price for energy resources and the environment. The unfavorable consequences of over-exploitation and cost-free development in some places are constantly exposed, and it is difficult to sustain economic growth by excessively consuming resources and sacrificing the environment. The scientific concept of development requires that economic growth should achieve the greatest possible output with as little resources and environmental costs as possible, and develop a sustainable, low-cost, high-efficiency, sustainable development. The harmonious society requires that the relationship between man and nature, economy and society be properly dealt with, and that the improvement of resource use efficiency and the strengthening of environmental protection should be given prominence in order to continuously improve people’s living standards and quality of life so that “people can drink cleanly. Water, breathing clean air, eating reassured food, producing and living in a good environment." To this end, energy saving and emission reduction should be regarded as an important indicator of whether the economic structure is optimized and whether the development mode is changed, as a measurement standard to test whether scientific development and social harmony are truly implemented, and effectively achieve conservation, clean development, safe development, and sustainability. development of.
II. Accelerating the formation of an industrial structure, growth pattern, and consumption pattern conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out in the report of the 17th CPC National Congress: “The construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society must be placed on the development strategy of industrialization and modernization. Highlight the position and implement it in every unit and every household.†Fundamentally speaking, it is necessary to focus on building a new industrial structure, growth mode, and consumption mode.
First of all, we must form an industrial structure that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy consumption is closely related to the economic structure. At present, in our country's three industrial structures, economic growth relies too heavily on the growth of the secondary industry, and the development of the third industry with low energy consumption lags behind and the proportion is low. In 2006, the added value of the tertiary industry in China accounted for less than 40% (39.5%) of the GDP, not only lower than that of developed countries, but even lower than that of China. For example, the United States is 75.3%. Brazil and India with similar levels of development were 75.1% and 51.2% respectively. From the perspective of the internal structure of the industry, the high-energy-consuming industries are more important, especially the high-energy-consuming general processing industry has excess production capacity, and the high-tech, high-value-added, low-energy-consuming industries have a low proportion. In 2005, the added value of high-tech industries accounted for only 10.3% of the industrial added value. Therefore, to solve the problem of energy conservation and emission reduction, we must first vigorously adjust and optimize the economic structure so that it will be in a direction conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. While consolidating agriculture and strengthening industries, we must gradually increase the proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy. We must vigorously develop high-tech industries, especially large and powerful information industries, and accelerate the process of economic and social informationization. Accelerate the transformation of traditional industries with high technology and advanced and applicable technologies and promote the upgrading of traditional industries. Promote corporate restructuring and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale. Vigorously develop intensive agriculture. Adjust energy consumption structure and increase the proportion of high-quality energy. According to the resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, determine the development direction and functional orientation of different regions, and optimize the regional industrial layout.
Second, we must form a growth mode that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. For a long time, due to the extensive use of resources in China, the resulting high energy and resource consumption and environmental pollution problems have become very prominent and have become a constraint factor in the sustainable development of the economy. China's overall technological level in terms of resource conservation and comprehensive utilization is lagging behind; some key products in important fields such as flue gas desulphurization, waste recycling, domestic sewage, and high-concentration organic wastewater treatment in large-scale coal-fired power plants are still lacking in independent intellectual property rights. The technology; Large and medium-sized small and medium-sized boilers, especially small boilers for urban heating, have low energy efficiency. In the construction of cities and new rural areas, the problems of short design and short life of buildings have become more prominent. Some buildings will be demolished and rebuilt in ten years, wasting large amounts of energy and raw materials. Therefore, we must regard energy conservation and emission reduction as an important “threshold†for transforming production methods in China, and gradually create a growth model that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. We will realize industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of our country with the lowest possible resource and environmental costs, and realize economic benefits. The organic unity of social benefits and ecological benefits. We must speed up the realization of the "three transformations": First, the demand structure will change from a reliance on investment and export to a reliance on consumption, investment, and export coordination; second, the industrial structure depends mainly on the secondary industry to rely on the first, second, and The tri-industry synergy promotes the transformation; the third is the transformation of the factor structure from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of laborers, and managing innovation. It gradually formed a new pattern of coordination between speed, quality and efficiency, coordination of consumption and investment exports, coordination of population, resources, and environment, and a coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions.
Third, we must form a consumption model that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the increase in per capita energy consumption is predictable and inevitable. However, promoting scientific and rational consumption and reducing and avoiding wasteful consumption can play a role in energy saving and emission reduction. In the past two years, we have advocated increasing the temperature of air conditioners in the summer to 26 degrees. The effect is obvious. Therefore, the concept of advocating frugality, rational consumption, and moderate consumption should be formed in the entire society. The concept of resource-conserving consumption should be used to guide the reform of the consumption pattern and gradually form a civilized and economical behavior model. Especially in the service industry, public facilities, official activities, housing, automobiles, and daily consumption, we must vigorously promote the conservation of fashion, saving energy, saving water, saving materials, saving food, recycling garbage, and reducing the use of disposable products. Become the conscious action of each citizen and gradually form a conservation-oriented consumption model that suits the national conditions.
Third, take comprehensive measures to lay a good fight against energy-saving emission reduction and long-term war to achieve energy-saving emission reduction targets, in the final analysis is to effectively comply with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, update the concept of development, change the mode of development, as soon as possible to form a government-led enterprises as the main The whole society has jointly promoted the pattern of energy-saving and emission-reduction work, playing a good fight against energy-saving and emission-reduction and a protracted war.
1. Strengthen responsibilities assessment. This is the most effective administrative measure. It is necessary to implement the "Environmental Statistics, Monitoring, and Assessment Implementation Plan and Measures for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction," and implement a strict accountability system and "one-vote veto system." Before the end of May each year, we will complete the comprehensive assessment and assessment of the progress of energy-saving emission reduction and the completion of energy-saving emission reduction targets of the provincial people's governments, and take the completion of energy-saving and emission reduction targets as an important criterion for examining the effectiveness of economic development. The result of the assessment shall be submitted to the competent department of cadres' work as an important basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the leading groups and leading cadres of the provincial people's government, and shall be announced to the public so as to exert the supervision role of society and public opinion. We urge all local energy conservation authorities to complete a comprehensive evaluation report on thousands of companies by the end of March each year, and publish an announcement after the review. Combine evaluation and assessment, organize energy conservation and emission reduction inspectors.
2. Speed ​​up the adjustment of the structure. This is the fundamental way to save energy and reduce emissions. According to calculations, if the proportion of China’s tertiary industry’s added value increases by one percentage point and the proportion of industrial added value in the secondary industry decreases by one percentage point, then the total energy consumption can be reduced by about 25 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to ten million yuan of GDP. Energy consumption is reduced by about 1 percentage point. If the proportion of added value of high-tech industries increases by one percentage point, and the proportion of high-energy-consuming industries such as metallurgy, building materials, and chemical industries correspondingly decreases by one percentage point, the total energy consumption can be reduced by 27.75 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to ten million yuan of GDP energy consumption. Decrease by 1.3%. To adjust the economic structure, at present, it should mainly proceed from the following aspects. The first is to control the excessive growth of high energy consumption and high pollution industries. The second is to eliminate the outdated production capacity, process equipment and technical equipment of high-energy-consuming and highly polluting industries. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, 50 million kilowatts of small thermal power units should be shut down, eliminating backward iron-smelting capacity of 100 million tons and 55 million tons of backward steelmaking capacity. Through the elimination of backwardness, it achieved an energy saving of 118 million tons of standard coal in the five years and 240 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions. The third is to actively promote the adjustment of energy structure. We will vigorously develop renewable energy sources and steadily develop alternative energy sources. The fourth is to accelerate the development of service industries and high-tech industries. By 2010, the value added of the service industry to GDP has increased by 3% compared with 2005, and the proportion of employees in the service industry to the total number of employees in the society has increased by 4 percentage points over 2005.
3. Advance scientific and technological progress. This is the key to energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, China has great potential for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction through technological advancement. For example, nearly 70% of industrial electricity in China is consumed by electric motors. The large- and medium-sized three-phase asynchronous motors have a wide range of applications and are widely used in various industries. At present, China’s share of energy-efficient small and medium-sized three-phase asynchronous motors that meet the national energy conservation evaluation standards is only 1% in the market. If effective incentive measures are taken to increase promotion efforts and market share is increased to 12%, annual energy savings can be achieved. 100 billion degrees of capacity. For example, energy-saving lamps, China is the world’s largest producer of energy-saving lamps. In 2006, the output reached 2.4 billion, accounting for more than 80% of the world’s total output, of which 70% was for export, if we put all the existing incandescent lamps in China. Replaced by energy-saving lamps, the country can save more than 60 billion kilowatt hours a year. There are many examples like this. Therefore, to play a role in the promotion of energy saving and emission reduction by scientific and technological progress, the key is to achieve “three accelerationsâ€: First, accelerate the research and development of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies. The second is to accelerate the demonstration and promotion of the industrialization of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies. The third is to speed up the establishment of energy-saving technical service system.
4. Focus on strengthening management. This is an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. Relevant data show that the contribution rate of management energy saving to all energy conservation can reach 15%, which is the most energy saving method and approach with the least input and the most effective. At present, energy conservation management is a weak link in both the production and consumption sectors. For example, many people do not have the habit of turning off the lights. Changxing lights are often seen; many units’ computers are not open all night; on large roads and squares, the lights are high and the waste is serious. Strengthen energy management, focusing on the formation of long-term mechanism. For example, the design efficiency of China's coal-fired industrial boilers is not much different from that of foreign countries, but the actual operating efficiency is only about 65%, which is 15-20% lower than the international advanced level. Through measures such as improving management and technological transformation, there is 70 million tons of coal-saving potential in only one aspect of coal-fired boilers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management, implement responsibilities, and strictly supervise the establishment of an energy-saving and emission-reduction management system and operation mechanism with “a clear goal, responsible implementation, clear rewards and punishments, first-level assessment, and first-level assessment.†And urgently.
5. Strengthen the construction of legal system. This is an important guarantee for energy conservation and emission reduction. The current energy conservation law is not operability; laws and regulations for the development of recycling economy, especially for the comprehensive utilization of resources, have not yet been established; many energy-consuming equipment do not yet have energy efficiency standards. For example, according to the experience of developed countries, the proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption of the entire society will gradually increase to about 35%. The heating energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings in China is obviously high, equivalent to 2-3 times that of developed countries with similar climate conditions. To control the rapid increase in energy consumption of buildings, it is necessary to speed up legislation and strictly enforce mandatory building energy conservation standards. For another example, existing environmental protection laws and regulations impose weak penalties for illegal acts. China's "Implementation Rules for Water Pollution Prevention Law" stipulates that the unit that causes a water pollution accident shall calculate a fine in accordance with 20% of the direct loss, but the maximum amount shall not exceed 200,000 yuan. Such a penalty standard is difficult to deter and effectively punish the illegal discharge of pollutants. . Therefore, strengthening the construction of the legal system requires efforts to do a good job in three aspects: First, improve laws and regulations, increase the energy conservation measures and beneficial experiences formed in practice and in reforms as soon as possible into laws, and improve and promulgate energy conservation laws, circular economy laws, and water Pollution Prevention Law, Air Pollution Prevention Law and other laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction. We will increase penalties and effectively solve the problem of “low illegal costs and high compliance costsâ€. The second is to improve standards. It is necessary to formulate and improve energy efficiency standards for major industrial energy-consuming equipment, household appliances, lighting fixtures, and motor vehicles, and organize the revision and improvement of energy-saving design specifications and building energy-saving standards for major energy-consuming industries, and accelerate the development of standards for the control of building cooling and heating temperatures. Provide the basis for the supervision of energy conservation and emission reduction and the establishment of energy-saving and environmental protection technology access thresholds. The third is to strictly enforce the law, severely investigate and deal with all kinds of ecological and environmental violations, and form a good atmosphere of energy conservation and emission reduction in accordance with the law.
6. Improve the policy mechanism. This is the internal driving force for energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, the key is to do a good job in the reform of prices, fiscal and taxation, and finance, and strive to form an institutional mechanism conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. In terms of price reform, it is important to actively promote the reform of resource product prices and environmental protection charges, and gradually make resource product prices truly reflect the scarcity of resources. The environmental protection fee standards can achieve a level that can compensate pollution control costs and make pollution control operators make a reasonable profit. The use of price leverage to curb the effects of unreasonable resource consumption and pollution emissions. In terms of fiscal and taxation system reforms, we will further increase financial support for energy conservation and environmental protection through constructive investment in finance. Governments at all levels must allocate certain funds in their budgets, adopt subsidies, awards, etc., support key energy-saving and emission reduction projects, promote the promotion of new energy-saving products and new energy-saving mechanisms, build energy-saving management capabilities, and establish pollution emission reduction supervisory systems. We will improve the system for paid use of mineral resources and improve and improve the ecological compensation mechanism for resource development. Pay close attention to the development of energy-saving, water-saving, comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection product catalog and corresponding tax incentives. Implement preferential tax policies that encourage energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles, energy-saving and environment-friendly buildings, and energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings. Promptly introduce fuel tax. Research the introduction of environmental taxes. In terms of financial reform, financial institutions are encouraged and guided to increase their credit support for circular economy, environmental protection, and energy-saving and emission reduction technological transformation projects. Priority is given to providing eligible financing services for eligible projects and circular economy projects. Establish an environmental information notification system between the environmental protection department and the financial department, and incorporate corporate environmental law information into the People's Bank enterprise credit information system.
7. Mobilize all citizens to participate. This is the mass basis for energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy-saving and emission-reduction is a major issue that affects the entire society and must involve the entire society. Last year, 17 central government departments organized nationwide "Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Actions for All People", including Family Community Action, Youth Action, Corporate Action, School Action, Barracks Action, Government Action, Science and Technology Action, Popular Science Action, and Media Action. Waiting for nine special operations and achieved very good social results. This year, we must continue to launch a vigorous “Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Civil Actionâ€. In conjunction with major events such as the Olympic Games, we will carry out in-depth energy conservation and emission reduction campaigns to make the social atmosphere of energy-saving and emission-reduction more intensive and promote the whole society to gradually establish the concept of ecological civilization.
First, fully understand the importance and urgency of energy-saving emission reduction First, energy-saving emission reduction is the fundamental way to solve China's energy problems. China has a large population, relatively low energy resources, per capita possessions far below the world average, and internationally recognized 45 kinds of mineral resources that are indispensable in the industrialization process. China’s per capita possession is less than half of the world average; oil and natural gas per capita The remaining proved recoverable reserves are only 7.7% and 7.1% of the world's average. Even with relatively abundant reserves of coal resources, per capita occupancy is only 63% of the world average, based on available resources.
At present, China is in an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. The intensity of consumption of energy resources is high, and the scale of consumption continues to expand. The contradiction between energy supply and demand is becoming increasingly prominent. In the future, with the further expansion of the economic scale, energy demand will continue to increase rapidly. The rapid increase in energy demand poses severe challenges to the availability of energy resources, carrying capacity, and national energy security. Relieving the energy bottlenecks and making every effort to increase supply are important, but the fundamental way out is to adhere to the principle of development and conservation, energy conservation and priority, vigorously promote energy conservation and consumption reduction, improve energy efficiency, and develop alternative energy sources and renewable energy sources.
Second, energy-saving and emission reduction is a fundamental solution to reducing environmental pollution. China is one of the few countries that use coal as the main energy source, and it is also the world's largest consumer of coal. Coal-burning pollution has become quite serious. With the rapid growth of motor vehicles, atmospheric pollution in big cities has developed from soot-type pollution to soot and mixed emissions from motor vehicle exhaust. In 2006, China's sulfur dioxide emissions amounted to 25.89 million tons, and chemical oxygen demand emissions amounted to 14.28 million tons, which greatly exceeded the environmental capacity. The amount of industrial solid waste generated reached 1.52 billion tons, which was 2 times that of 1995. Acid rain has accounted for 30% of the country's land area. 70% of the river systems have been polluted, and 1/5 of the city's air pollution is serious. The massive production of water, air and solid waste pollution is intrinsically linked to the extensive economic growth pattern. High energy and resource consumption will inevitably bring about high environmental pollution, and economic development will face enormous environmental pressure. Therefore, vigorously promoting energy-saving and emission-reduction, actively developing a recycling economy, and accelerating the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society are the fundamental measures for resolving the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection. At the same time, it is also an urgent need to respond to global climate change, and it is our responsibility.
Third, energy conservation and emission reduction are an urgent task for achieving sound and rapid economic development. Adhere to the word "good", and seek for the best in the future, focusing on optimizing the structure, quality, and benefits, so as to maintain the rapid growth rate for a long time. In the past two years, positive progress has been made in energy conservation and emission reduction, which has played a positive role in promoting sound and rapid economic development. However, the situation is still very severe. The main reason is that the economic growth rate is fast, especially the high energy consumption and high emission industries have grown too fast. From January to November of last year, of the industrial added value above designated size, the value added of heavy industry increased by 19.5% year-on-year, which was 3.5% faster than light industry. The six high energy-consuming industries such as steel, non-ferrous metals, power, petroleum, petrochemical, building materials, and chemical industries increased by 19.0%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points year-on-year, and the pattern of heavy industrial structure did not change, although technological progress and management were strengthened by increasing The efficiency of the direct use of energy has been greatly improved, but the amount of energy saved has been offset by the heavy construction. Judging from the current progress, the average annual decline in energy consumption per unit of GDP for the three years after the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†needs to reach more than 5% to achieve the goal of a 50% reduction by 20%; the five-year target for a 10% reduction in major pollutants basically falls on the After three years of completion, the pressure is considerable. If this trend cannot be reversed as soon as possible, it will not only determine whether the energy conservation and emission reduction targets can be achieved, but also whether the good momentum of economic development can continue to be maintained, and it will also be detrimental to the economic development of the entire “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. influences.
Fourth, energy conservation and emission reduction are the essential requirements for scientific development and social harmony. China's economic development has achieved remarkable achievements, but it has also paid a huge price for energy resources and the environment. The unfavorable consequences of over-exploitation and cost-free development in some places are constantly exposed, and it is difficult to sustain economic growth by excessively consuming resources and sacrificing the environment. The scientific concept of development requires that economic growth should achieve the greatest possible output with as little resources and environmental costs as possible, and develop a sustainable, low-cost, high-efficiency, sustainable development. The harmonious society requires that the relationship between man and nature, economy and society be properly dealt with, and that the improvement of resource use efficiency and the strengthening of environmental protection should be given prominence in order to continuously improve people’s living standards and quality of life so that “people can drink cleanly. Water, breathing clean air, eating reassured food, producing and living in a good environment." To this end, energy saving and emission reduction should be regarded as an important indicator of whether the economic structure is optimized and whether the development mode is changed, as a measurement standard to test whether scientific development and social harmony are truly implemented, and effectively achieve conservation, clean development, safe development, and sustainability. development of.
II. Accelerating the formation of an industrial structure, growth pattern, and consumption pattern conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out in the report of the 17th CPC National Congress: “The construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society must be placed on the development strategy of industrialization and modernization. Highlight the position and implement it in every unit and every household.†Fundamentally speaking, it is necessary to focus on building a new industrial structure, growth mode, and consumption mode.
First of all, we must form an industrial structure that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy consumption is closely related to the economic structure. At present, in our country's three industrial structures, economic growth relies too heavily on the growth of the secondary industry, and the development of the third industry with low energy consumption lags behind and the proportion is low. In 2006, the added value of the tertiary industry in China accounted for less than 40% (39.5%) of the GDP, not only lower than that of developed countries, but even lower than that of China. For example, the United States is 75.3%. Brazil and India with similar levels of development were 75.1% and 51.2% respectively. From the perspective of the internal structure of the industry, the high-energy-consuming industries are more important, especially the high-energy-consuming general processing industry has excess production capacity, and the high-tech, high-value-added, low-energy-consuming industries have a low proportion. In 2005, the added value of high-tech industries accounted for only 10.3% of the industrial added value. Therefore, to solve the problem of energy conservation and emission reduction, we must first vigorously adjust and optimize the economic structure so that it will be in a direction conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. While consolidating agriculture and strengthening industries, we must gradually increase the proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy. We must vigorously develop high-tech industries, especially large and powerful information industries, and accelerate the process of economic and social informationization. Accelerate the transformation of traditional industries with high technology and advanced and applicable technologies and promote the upgrading of traditional industries. Promote corporate restructuring and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale. Vigorously develop intensive agriculture. Adjust energy consumption structure and increase the proportion of high-quality energy. According to the resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, determine the development direction and functional orientation of different regions, and optimize the regional industrial layout.
Second, we must form a growth mode that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. For a long time, due to the extensive use of resources in China, the resulting high energy and resource consumption and environmental pollution problems have become very prominent and have become a constraint factor in the sustainable development of the economy. China's overall technological level in terms of resource conservation and comprehensive utilization is lagging behind; some key products in important fields such as flue gas desulphurization, waste recycling, domestic sewage, and high-concentration organic wastewater treatment in large-scale coal-fired power plants are still lacking in independent intellectual property rights. The technology; Large and medium-sized small and medium-sized boilers, especially small boilers for urban heating, have low energy efficiency. In the construction of cities and new rural areas, the problems of short design and short life of buildings have become more prominent. Some buildings will be demolished and rebuilt in ten years, wasting large amounts of energy and raw materials. Therefore, we must regard energy conservation and emission reduction as an important “threshold†for transforming production methods in China, and gradually create a growth model that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. We will realize industrialization, urbanization, and modernization of our country with the lowest possible resource and environmental costs, and realize economic benefits. The organic unity of social benefits and ecological benefits. We must speed up the realization of the "three transformations": First, the demand structure will change from a reliance on investment and export to a reliance on consumption, investment, and export coordination; second, the industrial structure depends mainly on the secondary industry to rely on the first, second, and The tri-industry synergy promotes the transformation; the third is the transformation of the factor structure from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of laborers, and managing innovation. It gradually formed a new pattern of coordination between speed, quality and efficiency, coordination of consumption and investment exports, coordination of population, resources, and environment, and a coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions.
Third, we must form a consumption model that is conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the increase in per capita energy consumption is predictable and inevitable. However, promoting scientific and rational consumption and reducing and avoiding wasteful consumption can play a role in energy saving and emission reduction. In the past two years, we have advocated increasing the temperature of air conditioners in the summer to 26 degrees. The effect is obvious. Therefore, the concept of advocating frugality, rational consumption, and moderate consumption should be formed in the entire society. The concept of resource-conserving consumption should be used to guide the reform of the consumption pattern and gradually form a civilized and economical behavior model. Especially in the service industry, public facilities, official activities, housing, automobiles, and daily consumption, we must vigorously promote the conservation of fashion, saving energy, saving water, saving materials, saving food, recycling garbage, and reducing the use of disposable products. Become the conscious action of each citizen and gradually form a conservation-oriented consumption model that suits the national conditions.
Third, take comprehensive measures to lay a good fight against energy-saving emission reduction and long-term war to achieve energy-saving emission reduction targets, in the final analysis is to effectively comply with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, update the concept of development, change the mode of development, as soon as possible to form a government-led enterprises as the main The whole society has jointly promoted the pattern of energy-saving and emission-reduction work, playing a good fight against energy-saving and emission-reduction and a protracted war.
1. Strengthen responsibilities assessment. This is the most effective administrative measure. It is necessary to implement the "Environmental Statistics, Monitoring, and Assessment Implementation Plan and Measures for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction," and implement a strict accountability system and "one-vote veto system." Before the end of May each year, we will complete the comprehensive assessment and assessment of the progress of energy-saving emission reduction and the completion of energy-saving emission reduction targets of the provincial people's governments, and take the completion of energy-saving and emission reduction targets as an important criterion for examining the effectiveness of economic development. The result of the assessment shall be submitted to the competent department of cadres' work as an important basis for the comprehensive evaluation of the leading groups and leading cadres of the provincial people's government, and shall be announced to the public so as to exert the supervision role of society and public opinion. We urge all local energy conservation authorities to complete a comprehensive evaluation report on thousands of companies by the end of March each year, and publish an announcement after the review. Combine evaluation and assessment, organize energy conservation and emission reduction inspectors.
2. Speed ​​up the adjustment of the structure. This is the fundamental way to save energy and reduce emissions. According to calculations, if the proportion of China’s tertiary industry’s added value increases by one percentage point and the proportion of industrial added value in the secondary industry decreases by one percentage point, then the total energy consumption can be reduced by about 25 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to ten million yuan of GDP. Energy consumption is reduced by about 1 percentage point. If the proportion of added value of high-tech industries increases by one percentage point, and the proportion of high-energy-consuming industries such as metallurgy, building materials, and chemical industries correspondingly decreases by one percentage point, the total energy consumption can be reduced by 27.75 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to ten million yuan of GDP energy consumption. Decrease by 1.3%. To adjust the economic structure, at present, it should mainly proceed from the following aspects. The first is to control the excessive growth of high energy consumption and high pollution industries. The second is to eliminate the outdated production capacity, process equipment and technical equipment of high-energy-consuming and highly polluting industries. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, 50 million kilowatts of small thermal power units should be shut down, eliminating backward iron-smelting capacity of 100 million tons and 55 million tons of backward steelmaking capacity. Through the elimination of backwardness, it achieved an energy saving of 118 million tons of standard coal in the five years and 240 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions. The third is to actively promote the adjustment of energy structure. We will vigorously develop renewable energy sources and steadily develop alternative energy sources. The fourth is to accelerate the development of service industries and high-tech industries. By 2010, the value added of the service industry to GDP has increased by 3% compared with 2005, and the proportion of employees in the service industry to the total number of employees in the society has increased by 4 percentage points over 2005.
3. Advance scientific and technological progress. This is the key to energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, China has great potential for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction through technological advancement. For example, nearly 70% of industrial electricity in China is consumed by electric motors. The large- and medium-sized three-phase asynchronous motors have a wide range of applications and are widely used in various industries. At present, China’s share of energy-efficient small and medium-sized three-phase asynchronous motors that meet the national energy conservation evaluation standards is only 1% in the market. If effective incentive measures are taken to increase promotion efforts and market share is increased to 12%, annual energy savings can be achieved. 100 billion degrees of capacity. For example, energy-saving lamps, China is the world’s largest producer of energy-saving lamps. In 2006, the output reached 2.4 billion, accounting for more than 80% of the world’s total output, of which 70% was for export, if we put all the existing incandescent lamps in China. Replaced by energy-saving lamps, the country can save more than 60 billion kilowatt hours a year. There are many examples like this. Therefore, to play a role in the promotion of energy saving and emission reduction by scientific and technological progress, the key is to achieve “three accelerationsâ€: First, accelerate the research and development of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies. The second is to accelerate the demonstration and promotion of the industrialization of energy-saving and emission reduction technologies. The third is to speed up the establishment of energy-saving technical service system.
4. Focus on strengthening management. This is an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. Relevant data show that the contribution rate of management energy saving to all energy conservation can reach 15%, which is the most energy saving method and approach with the least input and the most effective. At present, energy conservation management is a weak link in both the production and consumption sectors. For example, many people do not have the habit of turning off the lights. Changxing lights are often seen; many units’ computers are not open all night; on large roads and squares, the lights are high and the waste is serious. Strengthen energy management, focusing on the formation of long-term mechanism. For example, the design efficiency of China's coal-fired industrial boilers is not much different from that of foreign countries, but the actual operating efficiency is only about 65%, which is 15-20% lower than the international advanced level. Through measures such as improving management and technological transformation, there is 70 million tons of coal-saving potential in only one aspect of coal-fired boilers. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management, implement responsibilities, and strictly supervise the establishment of an energy-saving and emission-reduction management system and operation mechanism with “a clear goal, responsible implementation, clear rewards and punishments, first-level assessment, and first-level assessment.†And urgently.
5. Strengthen the construction of legal system. This is an important guarantee for energy conservation and emission reduction. The current energy conservation law is not operability; laws and regulations for the development of recycling economy, especially for the comprehensive utilization of resources, have not yet been established; many energy-consuming equipment do not yet have energy efficiency standards. For example, according to the experience of developed countries, the proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption of the entire society will gradually increase to about 35%. The heating energy consumption per unit area of ​​buildings in China is obviously high, equivalent to 2-3 times that of developed countries with similar climate conditions. To control the rapid increase in energy consumption of buildings, it is necessary to speed up legislation and strictly enforce mandatory building energy conservation standards. For another example, existing environmental protection laws and regulations impose weak penalties for illegal acts. China's "Implementation Rules for Water Pollution Prevention Law" stipulates that the unit that causes a water pollution accident shall calculate a fine in accordance with 20% of the direct loss, but the maximum amount shall not exceed 200,000 yuan. Such a penalty standard is difficult to deter and effectively punish the illegal discharge of pollutants. . Therefore, strengthening the construction of the legal system requires efforts to do a good job in three aspects: First, improve laws and regulations, increase the energy conservation measures and beneficial experiences formed in practice and in reforms as soon as possible into laws, and improve and promulgate energy conservation laws, circular economy laws, and water Pollution Prevention Law, Air Pollution Prevention Law and other laws and regulations on energy conservation and emission reduction. We will increase penalties and effectively solve the problem of “low illegal costs and high compliance costsâ€. The second is to improve standards. It is necessary to formulate and improve energy efficiency standards for major industrial energy-consuming equipment, household appliances, lighting fixtures, and motor vehicles, and organize the revision and improvement of energy-saving design specifications and building energy-saving standards for major energy-consuming industries, and accelerate the development of standards for the control of building cooling and heating temperatures. Provide the basis for the supervision of energy conservation and emission reduction and the establishment of energy-saving and environmental protection technology access thresholds. The third is to strictly enforce the law, severely investigate and deal with all kinds of ecological and environmental violations, and form a good atmosphere of energy conservation and emission reduction in accordance with the law.
6. Improve the policy mechanism. This is the internal driving force for energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, the key is to do a good job in the reform of prices, fiscal and taxation, and finance, and strive to form an institutional mechanism conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. In terms of price reform, it is important to actively promote the reform of resource product prices and environmental protection charges, and gradually make resource product prices truly reflect the scarcity of resources. The environmental protection fee standards can achieve a level that can compensate pollution control costs and make pollution control operators make a reasonable profit. The use of price leverage to curb the effects of unreasonable resource consumption and pollution emissions. In terms of fiscal and taxation system reforms, we will further increase financial support for energy conservation and environmental protection through constructive investment in finance. Governments at all levels must allocate certain funds in their budgets, adopt subsidies, awards, etc., support key energy-saving and emission reduction projects, promote the promotion of new energy-saving products and new energy-saving mechanisms, build energy-saving management capabilities, and establish pollution emission reduction supervisory systems. We will improve the system for paid use of mineral resources and improve and improve the ecological compensation mechanism for resource development. Pay close attention to the development of energy-saving, water-saving, comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection product catalog and corresponding tax incentives. Implement preferential tax policies that encourage energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles, energy-saving and environment-friendly buildings, and energy-saving reconstruction of existing buildings. Promptly introduce fuel tax. Research the introduction of environmental taxes. In terms of financial reform, financial institutions are encouraged and guided to increase their credit support for circular economy, environmental protection, and energy-saving and emission reduction technological transformation projects. Priority is given to providing eligible financing services for eligible projects and circular economy projects. Establish an environmental information notification system between the environmental protection department and the financial department, and incorporate corporate environmental law information into the People's Bank enterprise credit information system.
7. Mobilize all citizens to participate. This is the mass basis for energy conservation and emission reduction. Energy-saving and emission-reduction is a major issue that affects the entire society and must involve the entire society. Last year, 17 central government departments organized nationwide "Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Actions for All People", including Family Community Action, Youth Action, Corporate Action, School Action, Barracks Action, Government Action, Science and Technology Action, Popular Science Action, and Media Action. Waiting for nine special operations and achieved very good social results. This year, we must continue to launch a vigorous “Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Civil Actionâ€. In conjunction with major events such as the Olympic Games, we will carry out in-depth energy conservation and emission reduction campaigns to make the social atmosphere of energy-saving and emission-reduction more intensive and promote the whole society to gradually establish the concept of ecological civilization.
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