Wang Hongyu (Fushun City Horticultural Research Institute, Liaoning Province)
1 Herbaceous flower seed market has a bright future
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the country has increasingly attached importance to urban afforestation and beautification, and flowers have quietly entered millions of households. The annual and biennial grass-and-grass seeds are widely accepted by people because of their short growing cycle, quick effect, rich color, large propagation coefficient, easy spread, and low cost of greening during the greening process. The demand for grass and flower seeds has increased year by year. According to statistics, in 1996 China's flower production area was 75,000 hm2, the output value was 4.8 billion yuan, and consumption seeds and bulbs were 200 million yuan. Among them, 90% of flower seeds and bulbs are imported from abroad, and domestic flower seedlings only account for 10% of the demand. In 2000, the total output value of flowers in China reached 8 billion yuan and 400 million yuan was spent on flower seeds and bulbs. With the success of China’s bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, the whole country will set off a climax of the green Olympics. There will be a broad prospect for landscape greening, and herbal flowers will be widely used. Flower seeds and bulbs have a broad market prospect in China. .
2 20 Years of Achievement in Flower Seed Work
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the country has shifted its focus to socialist modernization, and the flower industry has achieved unprecedented development. The professional production of rural flowers has developed rapidly. The new flower market continues to expand. Foreign advanced technology and equipment are constantly introduced into flower production. Flower production has changed from traditional cultivation management to modern technology. With the improvement of people's living standards, people are paying more and more attention to the beautification of life. The marketable pots of flowers are in short supply, and the flower seed business is booming. In the past 20 years, the flower seed business has been greatly developed.
2.1 Development of flower germplasm resources has made great progress
China is one of the largest centers of origin for cultivated plants in the world. Therefore, it is known as the "mother of gardens." Ornamental plants native to China, especially those suitable for gardening or home-planting applications, and plant germplasms with potential for development have a large global share. Herbaceous plant species are also very rich, and some are still unique in the world. In some species and genus, China is the only hometown of the world's distribution centers and the most diverse places or all specialty species.
2.2 Rapid development of breeding
With the improvement of the level of flower appreciation, the seed and seedling industry has increasingly become a relatively independent industry in flower production. The scientific management of flower quality breeding is an important content and key link for accelerating the modernization of flower production. China's ornamental plant germplasm resources are abundant, but many varieties have not been systematically collated and registered, and flower and breeding research has been carried out late. In the past 20 years, a large number of flower breeders have developed many of China's excellent wild flower resources, collected a large number of local grass flower varieties, combined with the introduction of foreign varieties and germplasm resources, launched our own flower breeding work, has been bred a string of red, three colors There are many fine varieties such as alfalfa, calendula, and snapdragon. Although our country's flower breeding started relatively late, it has developed rapidly. In addition to general breeding methods, biological breeding (gene recombination, cell aggregation, cell culture) is also used for genetic breeding, which greatly speeds up the breeding process and plays a crucial role in adding new varieties, resulting in the development of genetically modified flowers. Petunia. In addition, ploidy breeding is widely used, such as the use of radiation-induced tetraploid snapdragon cultivars.
2.3 The progress of cultivation physiology has made great progress. The performance of the excellent traits of herbaceous flowers has a direct relationship with cultivation techniques. In this regard, a large number of flower workers have done a lot of work, from the environmental factors, the impact of cultivation conditions on flower growth to the development of a sports seedling. , Cultivation techniques, from the flower's own physiology to the impact of exogenous hormones on the growth and development, as well as physical processing and tissue culture rapid propagation have achieved encouraging results.
2.4 Commercial seed production
China has a vast territory, abundant agricultural climate resources and labor resources. In the past 10 years, it has developed many large-scale flower seed production bases, but mainly for foreign seed production. The Japanese seed merchants first successfully established bases in Kunming and Qinghai provinces in Yunnan Province and continued to produce grass seed. Later, seed companies from the United States, Italy, Denmark, and the Netherlands entered the provinces of Yunnan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Beijing. Other provinces, cities and autonomous regions have established seed production bases. In external seed production, China has undertaken labor-intensive production tasks and is unlikely to fundamentally grasp the key technologies and germplasm resources related to hybrid seed production. After the seeds produced are recovered by foreign investors, some of them are sold back to China at high prices. , to bring negative impact on China's flower seed industry.
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