Occurrence Causes of Maize Head Smut and Control Measures 1

Li Jinfeng, Jiang Xiuji, Wang Zhixue (Harbin Hulan District Agricultural Technology Extension Center)

1 Source characteristics

Head smut is a fungal disease. It belongs to the genus Basidiomycetes of the genus Basidiomycetes, and the black powder is the teliospores. Most of the pathogenic bacteria live in the soil for winter, and a small amount of winter in the seeds. The winter spores have a strong ability to resist adverse environments and can survive in the soil for 2-3 years and germinate when conditions are right. The spore germination temperature ranges from 17 to 32°C and the optimum temperature range is 27 to 30°C.

2 Injury symptoms

Head smut people call it "Umi". The pathogens mainly damage the ear of the plant and usually show symptoms after the ear of corn. When the tassel was damaged, the flower was deformed and the length of the glume became longer, the stamens could not be formed, and the basal part of the floret expanded to form a brown-brown fungus, after which a large amount of black powder was shed. When the ear is damaged, the ear becomes shorter and the base of the ear expands. In addition to the temporal lobe, the whole ear becomes a bacterium, and the ripening pod leaves the cracking black powder. The black powder contains many filamentous vascular bundles. In general, tassels occur in the ears of the tassel, and sometimes tassel attacks are normal. Seedling disease can also be the disease, generally only to 6 to 7 leaves when they show symptoms. The disease manifests as shortening between the diseased seedlings and the dwarfing of the plants. The thick and thin stems are shaped like bamboo shoots, and they are more curved toward one side. The leaves are dark green, sometimes with 1 to 4 distinct yellow-white stripes on the leaves, extending from the base of the leaves to the tips of the leaves.

3 Infection cycle and infection pathway

The bacterium, teliospores, scattered in the soil is the main primary infestation source. In addition, a small part of teliospores can attach to the seed surface and mix with the manure to overwinter and become the first invasive source in the second year. When the spring corn sows germinating, the spores germinate to produce spores, and the invading filaments invade the corn after sexually binding, and reach the growing point. Afterwards, the mycelium expands with the development of corn and enters the ear when the flower buds differentiate. The bacteria destroys the panicle to form a large amount of black powder. This is an invasive, systemic disease at the seedling stage and is a systemic invasive disease. The seedlings are often invaded by bacteria. The infection rate is generally high at the bud stage, and the infection rate decreases after the four-leaf stage. After the five-leaf stage, the pathogens are rarely infected.

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