[Chemical composition] Cu native natural copper often contains a small amount of Au (up to 2% to 3%), Ag (up to 3% to 4%), Fe (up to 2% to 3%) and other mixed substances. The chemical composition of secondary natural copper is relatively pure.
[crystal structure] equiaxed crystal system; 
, with a copper structure (Fig. Z-1); a 0 = 0.361 nm; Z = 4.
Figure Z-1 Copper crystal structure
[Form] It is usually an irregular dendritic, flaky or dense block assembly. When a single crystal appears, a cube {100}, an octahedron {111}, a rhombohedron {110}, or a tetrahedron {410} can be seen. But natural copper crystals are rare. It can be double crystal according to (111).
[Physical properties] copper-red color, often due to surface oxidation occurs Qiang color brown; streak copper-red color; metallic luster, opacity. No cleavage; the fracture is jagged. Hardness 2.5 to 3. The relative density is 8.95 (pure copper). It is malleable. The temperature of 1083 ° C. A good conductor for heat and electricity.
[Genesis and occurrence] Natural copper is common in the original hydrothermal deposit, the lower part of the oxidized zone of copper-bearing sulphide deposits and the sandstone copper deposit. It is the product of reducing conditions under various geological processes.
Natural copper is unstable in the surface and oxidizing environment, and is easily oxidized into oxides and carbonates, such as ore, malachite, azurite and other minerals.
[Identification features] Copper red, the surface oxide film is brownish black, strong ductility, and relatively high density.
[Main use] It can be used as copper ore mining when the amount of accumulation is large.
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